I aim to collect deadlines, essay topics and letter of recommendation questions from top schools. I also include selected analysis and commentary from trusted counselors in my network. If you find incorrect data or useful updates you want me to include, please email Vince@VincePrep.com

Disclaimer: Information is subject to change. Verify all data with the business schools.

CHICAGO BOOTH

http://www.chicagobooth.edu/fulltime/admissions/apply.aspx#app

Application Process

Chicago Booth admits new students into the Full-Time MBA Program in the autumn quarter only. The process has two main components:
Application - You must complete an application and provide supporting details by the deadlines noted below.
Admissions Interview - Interviews are by invitation only. All invitations to interview will be released by the mid-decision dates listed below for each round.
Decisions will be released through the Applications Status section on the online application system according to the schedule listed below. For more information, see the Admissions Decisions section.
Submission Deadline: January 5, 2011
Decision Notification Date: March 16, 2011
Submission Deadline: Your application must be submitted by 5 p.m. (CST/Chicago time) on the day of the deadline in order to be considered for an application round. This includes receipt of all online and mailed-in materials. Applications submitted after a deadline will automatically be considered in the next round, as long as all materials are included with the application.

Application Checklist

Your application will consist of the following items:

completed application with required personal background
completed essays and slide presentation
professional resume
two letters of recommendation
unofficial transcripts from all post-secondary educational institutions from which you have earned a degree. Only if you are admitted will you be required to submit official transcripts. Any official transcripts received prior to an offer of admissions will not be added to your file.
GMAT score
TOEFL or IELTS scores (international applicants only)

Application Data Forms (information about your personal and professional background)

Please choose your proposed industry post MBA.
Please choose your proposed job function post MBA.
Months of full-time post-undergraduate work and military experience at matriculation (September 1, 2011), excluding internships, summer employment, etc. 137

Awards

If you have received any significant awards or recognition for work you have done professionally, please list with a brief description of the selection criteria. (no limit)
1.
2.
3.

Professional certifications you hold and the year(s) earned.

Academics

If you have received a failing grade, been placed on academic probation, been part of an academic hearing or been dismissed from any school, please explain. (no limit)
Discuss the circumstances if you attended more than one undergraduate college or began a graduate program that you did not complete. (no limit)
If appropriate, include an explanation of any extraordinary circumstances influencing your academic record. (no limit)
List course titles, locations, and dates of any academic work not listed on your transcripts that you will complete before entering Chicago Booth. (no limit)

Extracurriculars

Chicago Booth strongly values community involvement and we know it comes in many different forms. Tell us how you have been involved in your community. Please indicate dates of your involvement, hours per year, scope of your experience, and leadership positions held. (no limit)

College / university social, school sponsored and community activities

Activity 1
Dates
Hours

Description (no limit)

Activity 2
Dates
Hours
Description (no limit)
 
Activity 3
Dates
Hours

Description (no limit)

Extracurricular activities during college / university studies

(athletics, publications and professional/social organizations)

Activity 1
Dates
Hours

Description (no limit)

Activity 2
Dates
Hours

Description (no limit)

Public service and community activities after college / university studies

(services that are performed for the benefit of the public or its institutions)

Activity 1

Dates

Hours

Description (no limit)

Activity 2
Dates
Hours

Description (no limit)

Activity 3
Dates
Hours

Description (no limit)

International experience

Describe any significant study/employment outside your home country or significant interaction with people outside your home country.

International Experience 1
Dates
Hours
Description (no limit)
International Experience 2
Dates
Hours
Description (no limit)
 
International Experience 3
Dates
Hours

Description (no limit)

 

International Experience 4

Dates
Hours

Description (no limit)

Hobbies

(activity or interest that is undertaken for pleasure or relaxation)

Hobby 1
Dates
Hours
Description (no limit)
Hobby 2
Dates
Hours
Description (no limit)
 
Hobby 3
Dates
Hours

Description (no limit)

Special degree programs

Please note, students apply to these programs after admission to Chicago Booth.

Are you interested in the IMBA (International MBA Program)?

 
YES   NO

Are you interested in the GPHAP (Graduate Program in Health Administration and Policy)?

 
YES   NO

Essay Question 1

1. The Admissions Committee is interested in learning more about you on both a personal and professional level. Please answer the following (maximum of 300 words for each section):

a. Why are you pursuing a full-time MBA at this point in your life?

b. Define your short and long term career goals post MBA.

c. What is it about Chicago Booth that is going to help you reach your goals?

d. RE-APPLICANTS ONLY: Upon reflection, how has your thinking regarding your future, Chicago Booth, and/or getting an MBA changed since the time of your last application?

These short essays will require you to know yourself.  You will need to understand where you have been and where you are going.  Before you begin drafting the responses to these essays, take some time for self-reflection.  Why do you want to return to school?  Why is the MBA the right degree for you? 

We know that many of you will use your MBA experience to help you figure out what kind of job to pursue next.  Even though your future career plans may not be clear at this time, you should still be able to discuss your goals and how they relate to obtaining an MBA.

For our reapplicants, question 1d is where you can tell us what, if anything, has changed since the time of your last application.  What has occurred in your life or career that has either reinforced or changed your goals?  What lessons have you learned or how have you grown since you last applied to Chicago Booth? 

Essay Question 2

Chicago Booth is a place that challenges its students to stretch and take risks that they might not take elsewhere. Tell us about a time when you took a risk and what you learned from that experience

(maximum of 750 words).

You’re probably wondering, “What kind of risk do you want me to discuss?”  To be honest, we’re not looking for one kind of risk in particular.  It can be a risk related to your professional, academic or personal life.  It can be a risk that resulted in either a positive or negative outcome.  We want to hear about a time when you challenged yourself and what you learned from that experience.  How has that experience influenced your future actions?

Essay Question 3

At Chicago Booth, we teach you HOW to think rather than what to think. With this in mind, we have provided you with “blank pages” in our application. Knowing that there is not a right or even a preferred answer allows you to demonstrate to the committee your ability to navigate ambiguity and provide information that you believe will support your candidacy for Chicago Booth.

Essay Question 3 Guidelines

We have set forth the following guidelines:
The content is completely up to you. Acceptable file formats are PowerPoint or PDF.
There is a strict maximum of four pages, though you can provide fewer if you choose.
The document will be printed in color and added to your file for review; therefore, flash, hyperlinks, embedded videos, music, etc. will not be viewed by the committee. You are limited to text and static images to convey your points.
The file will be evaluated on the quality of content and ability to convey your ideas, not on technical expertise or presentation.
Files need to be less than 9 megabytes in order to upload. If your file is too large you may save your file as a PDF and upload your essay.
Earlier this year, there was some discussion as to whether we would continue using the presentation as part of our evaluation process.  With the presentation proving to be such an important tool in helping us determine who is a good fit for Chicago Booth, we decided it was necessary to include in our 2011 application.  However, this year, we are giving applicants even greater freedom to decide what information they want to convey in the presentation.
Since we’re providing you with “blank pages,” what you decide to address in your presentation is up to you.  Look at the other aspects of your application.  Are there messages or activities that you have not yet been able to communicate to the committee?  If so, then the presentation will be an opportunity for you to provide us with this type of information.  After reviewing your presentation, we want to have a better understanding of who you are and how you think. 
Also, please remember that it is the content – not the design – that should be the focus of the presentation.  We understand that not everyone is a design guru.  So, whether it’s through photos, images, graphs, or just words, the goal is to communicate your messages as effectively as possible.

http://bit.ly/Chicago2010-11
http://www.chicagobooth.edu/fulltime/admissions/essays_slides.aspx

Optional Essay

If there is any important information that is relevant for your candidacy that you were unable to address elsewhere in the application, please share that information here.

Use the optional essay wisely. It's important to use this essay judiciously. The optional essay can be a great opportunity to provide greater explanation of any anomalies in your application. But it is not an opportunity to write another creative essay or expand on your work experience. Use this space only if you feel it's necessary in providing greater clarity around some aspect of your application.

Other Chicago Essay Tips

Check with your recommenders. Has it been a while since you talked to your supervisor/colleague/mentor about writing a recommendation for you? Confirm that they are aware of the deadline and procedures in submitting letters.
Answer the questions. We encourage you to take the time to read each essay question closely. The Chicago Booth essay questions may seem similar to other essays you've encountered, but in order to clearly answer the questions that are posed, you must pay close attention to exactly what you're being asked.
Use the slide presentation as an opportunity to express yourself. You may be thinking, “What does Booth want to see in each essay?” Simply put, we are looking for organized thoughts, strong communication skills, and the ability to convey ideas clearly. When you look at your application as a whole – your resume, your academic history, your test scores, and your essays – think about what is missing that is relevant to your candidacy that you want the Admissions Committee to know about you. Whether you choose to highlight new material or emphasize material presented in other parts of your application, the choice is completely yours. The slide presentation is not a measure of creativity or a test of your PowerPoint skills, but rather an opportunity to express yourself without guidance or restriction. There is no right or wrong way to complete this task!
Spell check. Sounds simple, but your computer's spell check function won't catch all spelling and grammatical errors. Check your work manually – spelling and grammar errors won't deliver the message you wish to send.
Have someone read your application. Have you worked on your application so much that you can recite each section by heart? The danger in getting to this point is that your application becomes so familiar that you aren't objective about improvements that can be made. You may even become blind to simple errors. Have someone read your application to make sure it all makes sense, is easy to read and that your messages are clear.
If you have any questions about the Booth application process, there are several ways to contact us. Call us at 773.702.7369 or send us an email at admissions@chicagobooth.edu. Don’t hesitate to get in touch if we can be of service. We’re here to help!

http://forums.chicagobooth.edu/boothinsider?entry=10

Letters of recommendation

Recommendation Instructions for Applicants

The Full-Time MBA Program requires every applicant to provide two letters of recommendation. These letters MUST be submitted via our online system. Be sure to check the "send" box when you want the email request to be sent to your recommender(s).

Who should write your letters of recommendation

https://admissions.chicagogsb.edu/admissions_static/filedownloads/brochures/recommendation.html

Why did you choose these two recommenders? (100 words or less)

Instructions for Recommenders

Please provide a written letter of recommendation. Be sure to include how the applicant ranks comparative to his/her peer group. Other items to consider are the applicant's:

most salient strengths
areas of development, including efforts the applicant has taken to show improvement
team skills and leadership ability
initiative, curiosity and motivation
other matters which you feel we should know about the applicant

Submitting your Application

Submitting an application and materials can be done online or via mail. It is highly recommended that you use our online application system.
Applying Online - The system includes step-by-step instructions for completing the application online, including the process for submitting transcripts, essays, and letters of recommendation. You may make changes and edits to an application at any time prior to submission. Registration and creation of a username and password are required to begin the online application.

Admissions Interview

Interviews will be granted on an invitation-only basis after evaluation of a submitted application. Candidates invited to interview will be contacted by the mid-decision date with instructions on how to schedule an appointment.
A candidate who receives an invitation will have only one interview. Interviews are conducted by admissions staff, students, or alumni. They are held on campus or in a location convenient for the prospective student. All interviews, regardless of who conducts them, receive equal weight in the evaluation process.

________________________________
________________________________

COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL

http://www4.gsb.columbia.edu/mba/learnmore/applynow/start#essays
 http://bit.ly/Columbia10-11

Columbia September 2011 MBA Deadlines
Columbia Business School using a rolling admissions process. Applications are reviewed in the order in which they are received, and decisions can be rendered at any time. All decisions are final. It is always to your benefit to apply before the posted deadline (11:59pm of the posted date).

Application
Deadline: April 13, 2011 (Vince's note - I strongly encourage you to send your application by by 11:59PM EST on January 5, 2011 in order to be considered for a merit-based fellowship)
Application Review Period Begins: December 2010

Essays
You must complete two essays. An optional third essay will enable you to discuss any issues that do not fall within the purview of the required essays. Applicants who are reapplying within 12 months of a previous application for admission are required to write only a single reapplicant essay. Please note you may only apply once to a given term of entry.
Knight-Bagehot Fellows: Please use the space allocated to the first essay for the Wiegers Fellowship Application essay.

Essay Question 1

What are your short-term and long-term professional goals? How will Columbia Business School help you achieve these goals? (Maximum of 750 words)

Essay Question 2

Please tell us about yourself and your personal interests. The goal of this essay is to get a sense of who you are rather than what you have achieved professionally. (Maximum of 500 words)

Optional Essay: Is there any further information that you wish to provide to the Admissions Committee? (Please use this space to provide an explanation of any areas of concern in your academic record or your personal history.)

RE-APPLICANT ESSAY: How have you enhanced your candidacy since your previous application? Please detail your progress since you last applied and reiterate your short-term and long-term goals. Explain how the tools of the Columbia MBA will help you to meet your goals and how you plan to participate in the Columbia community. (Maximum of 750 words)

Clear Admit Columbia Business School Essay Topic Analysis 2010-2011
http://blog.clearadmit.com/2010/05/columbia-business-school-essay-topic-analysis-2010-2011/

After sticking with the same three essays for the past two years, this year Columbia has made a significant change.  Although the first essay on career goals remains the same, Columbia has reduced the amount of essays to two and has adopted a new second essay topic that focuses on applicants’ personalities.  With one question on work goals and the other on personal interests, this set of topics suggests a dual focus on one’s professional and personal interests, experiences, and plans.

Essay 1: What are your short-term and long-term post-MBA goals? How will Columbia Business School help you achieve these goals? (Recommended 750 word limit)
This prompt falls in line with the standard Career Goals Essay, and thus the general advice we’ve offered in the past on how to tackle this sort of question applies here.  In addition, because people applying to Columbia are often also considering first-tier schools like Wharton, Chicago, and NYU, it’s especially important for you to convince the Columbia adcom of your interest in the program by packing your essay full of school-specific details about classes and clubs.  Taking the time to learn about the school’s curriculum, special programs and extracurricular activities – whether through a visit to campus, or conversations with members of the community– will pay dividends here.

Essay 2: Please tell us about yourself and your personal interests. The goal of this essay is to get a sense of who you are, rather than what you have achieved professionally. (Recommended 500 word limit)
New to the Columbia application, the second part of this prompt may look familiar to people who have looked at past essay questions from the Duke Fuqua MBA application.  This prompt offers applicants the opportunity to demonstrate the well-rounded nature of their candidacy.  Because Columbia explicitly states that they do not want to hear about professional achievements in this essay, applicants should instead chronicle other passions, showing how these have led to extracurricular and academic accomplishments.  Regardless of how you chose to approach writing this essay, the most important thing is to demonstrate the unique aspects of your candidacy, as well as illustrate how you would make a valuable addition to the Columbia community, such as providing your classmates with a unique point of view, becoming the leader of a student club, or forming your own extracurricular activity.

Accepted.com: Columbia 2011 MBA Application Questions, Deadlines, Tips
http://blog.accepted.com/acceptedcom_blog/2010/5/26/columbia-2011-mba-application-questions-deadlines-tips.html
 Linda Abraham's tips are below each question.
In addition to learning about your professional aspirations, the Admissions Committee hopes to gain an understanding of your interests, values and motivations through these essays. How you answer these essays is at your discretion, there are no right answers and we encourage you to answer each question thoughtfully.
Dual Degree applicants: Please address the following question within your response to Essay 1: How will the Dual Degree enhance your short-term or long-term goals?
Reapplicants: How have you enhanced your candidacy since your previous application? Please detail your progress since you last applied and reiterate your short-term and long-term goals. Explain how the tools of the Columbia Business School will help you to meet your goals and how you plan to participate in the Columbia community . (Recommended 750 word limit)

Essay 1: What are your short-term and long-term post-MBA goals? How will Columbia Business School help you achieve these goals? (Recommended 750 word limit)
This is a forward-looking goals question. While you should include events and experiences that contributed to the development of your goals, the bulk of the essay should be about the future. What do you want to do immediately after completing your MBA? 5 years later? How will Columbia's program help you achieve your goals? Which of Columbia's strengths and programs are critical to your success? And be specific!

Essay 2: Please tell us about yourself and your personal interests. The goal of this essay is to get a sense of who you are, rather than what you have achieved professionally. (Recommended 500 word limit)
What is important to you, distinctive about you, and impressive? If you have one experience, characteristic, or value that addresses all three topics in the preceding question, you know what to write about. Even two out of three can contribute to a terrific answer to this question.
This is a great place to reveal the non-professional side of you. What do you do for fun? What do you do for satisfaction? How do you like to test yourself and stretch your limits (outside of work)? Where do you want to contribute?

Optional Essay: Is there any further information that you wish to provide to the Admissions Committee? (Please use this space to provide an explanation of any areas of concern in your academic record or your personal history.)
Obviously you could use this optional essay question to address a weakness in your application, but in my mind, it is also open-ended enough to allow you to discuss a diversity element in your personal background or simply some unique area of interest. Also, tucking a weakness explanation somewhere else would allow you to end the application with a strength and not a flaw.

Adam's Analysis of Columbia Business School Essays for January and September 2011 Admission

http://adam-markus.blogspot.com/2010/06/columbia-business-school-essays-for.html

In this post I discuss the essay questions for admission to the Columbia School of Business  January and September (Early and Regular Decision) 2011 MBA program. In addition to this post, those interested in Early Decision should read one of my earlier posts. In this post, I will discuss who J-Term is for, Early and Regular Decision, and the essay questions.  But first, what has changed this year?

SHORTER ESSAY SET: PERSONALITY REALLY MATTERS NOW!
Columbia Business School has again reduced their essay count. They are now down to a total of 1250 words plus the optional statement.   Goodbye essays about theory versus practice and team failure, hello personality!

This change is really quite monumental.  In the previous year, there was no personality question, now there is only a goals essay, a personality essay, and an optional essay.

Frankly, 2010 was a great Columbia Business School year for my clients.  Three clients were admitted for  January 2010 and two were admitted for Early Decision for September 2010.  You find testimonials from some of them here.  While the advice that I gave those 2010 admits would still hold true for Essay 1, I have had to rethink how to approach this school's essays, which is what makes writing essay question analysis interesting.

JANUARY 2011 ADMISSIONS

The Accelerated MBA, J-Term, can be great program for those who don't need an internship. I had three clients admitted for January 2010 and all of them had one thing in common: Real clarity about their goals and strong track records in their professions.  J-term is not for career changers, it is those looking to enhance their position within their present career trajectory and/or entrepreneurs. It is critical that you explain why the January Term program is right for you. According to the Columbia website:

The Accelerated MBA is ideal for you if

you are an entrepreneur;
you want to join your family business;
you plan to return to your current employer;
you are sponsored by your company;
you want to remain in the same industry;
you have built a strong professional network in the industry of your choice.

The program is designed for those students who do not want or need an internship. The principal advantage of the 16-month program is its accelerated format, which allows members of the smaller January class to network quickly and effectively and return to the workplace sooner.

Obviously you need to make the case in Essay 1 (The Goals/Why Columbia? Essay) that you meet the special criteria for this program and that an internship is not something critical for you. For those who don't need an internship, this is really a great program. If you think that an internship is not critical to your post-MBA goals, J-term is a great program. 

The Essay Questions and Instructions:

"You must complete two essays. An optional third essay will enable you to discuss any issues that do not fall within the purview of the required essays. Applicants who are reapplying within 12 months of a previous application for admission are required to write only a single reapplicant essay. Please note you may only apply once to a given term of entry. Knight-Bagehot Fellows: Please use the space allocated to the first essay for the Wiegers Fellowship Application essay.

Essay 1: What are your short-term and long-term professional goals? How will Columbia Business School help you achieve these goals? (Maximum of 750 words)

Essay 2: Please tell us about yourself and your personal interests. The goal of this essay is to get a sense of who you are rather than what you have achieved professionally. (Maximum of 500 words)"

Optional Essay
Is there any further information that you wish to provide to the Admissions Committee? (Please use this space to provide an explanation of any areas of concern in your academic record or your personal history.)

Reapplication Essay

How have you enhanced your candidacy since your previous application? Please detail your progress since you last applied and reiterate your short-term and long-term goals. Explain how the tools of the Columbia Business School will help you to meet your goals and how you plan to participate in the Columbia community . (Recommended 750 word limit). 

ESSAY 1: THE EXTENDED ELEVATOR PITCH

I think it is best to conceptualize this as an extended elevator pitch because 750 words is a too long to be deliver in 1-2 minutes, but could be delivered in 5 minutes.  Your job is to convince admissions that your goals fit what Columbia offers.

Essay 1: What are your short-term and long-term professional goals? How will Columbia Business School help you achieve these goals? (Maximum of 750 words)

Over the years, Columbia has been very consistent in the way they ask this question. At first glance, it does seem pretty straightforward and common, but if you have looked at other schools' essays, you will likely notice that something is missing from it. Compare it to Kellogg and you will see that there is no reference to the past. While one must certainly address one's past when answering this question, there should be no extended analysis of your career progress to date. 

PAST PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: Let your resume, application form, and references provide Columbia with a detailed understanding or your career. If they wanted to know about in the essays, they would ask. They don't, so respect their decision.  That said, given the fact that there are no essays to discuss your achievements at great length (Columbia previous had two essays in each application for that purpose), you should certainly address how your prior experience will contribute to your future goals, but focus this essay on showing how Columbia will help you achieve your goals.  Given that Essay 2 specifically requests that you don't focus on "what you have achieved professionally," you should certainly explain you will leverage your past experience to accomplish your goals.  CAUTION: DO NOT OVER-FOCUS ON ACCOMPLISHMENTS HERE, I AM SUGGESTING YOU DISCUSS SUCH EXPERIENCES ONLY IN THE CONTEXT OF AN ARGUMENT ABOUT YOUR GOALS AND WHY COLUMBIA IS RIGHT FOR THEM.

WHY COLUMBIA? The resources available at CBS and Columbia University are vast, so figure out specifically what you want from the school. The program is flexible, so identify your needs from Columbia as specifically as possible. Also keep in mind that CBS recently changed its core curriculum. After all, you want to show them you love and need them For learning about what is hot at Columbia, I suggest taking a look at their blog: Public Offering. Also look at Hermes which provides news on the Columbia community. You will likely want to write about taking a Master Class. Japanese applicants should most certainly visit http://columbiamba.jimdo.com/index.php.

Making a clear case why your goals are best achieved at CBS should be at the core of the essay. To make sure that they can see that, be very specific about what you need to learn at CBS to achieve your goals. I suggest reviewing some of the full course descriptions that you can find on their website.
If you are having problems clearly articulating your goals, I suggest using my GAP, SWOT, AND ROI TABLE FOR FORMULATING GRADUATE DEGREE GOALS f (see below). I think Gap, SWOT, and ROI analysis are great ways for understanding what your goals are, why you want a degree, and how you will use it.

VINCE'S NOTE - you can find Adams' chart here: http://bp0.blogger.com/_7PAtljogJ7A/RtGLK-0yEtI/AAAAAAAAADw/AV50vHcjLxA/s1600-h/GSRtable.jpg

How to use this table:
Step 1. Begin by analyzing your "Present Situation." What job(s) have you held? What was/is your functional role(s)? What was/are your responsibilities?
Next, analyze your present strengths and weaknesses for succeeding in your present career. REMEMBER:WHEN YOU ARE THINKING ABOUT YOUR STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESS DON'T ONLY THINK ABOUT WORK, THINK ABOUT OTHER ASPECTS OF YOUR LIFE. In particular, some of your greatest strengths may have been demonstrated outside of work, so make sure you are accounting for them.
Strengths: What are you good at? Where do you add value? What are you praised for? What are you proud of?
Weakness: What are you bad at? What are you criticized for? What do you try to avoid due to your own limitations? What do you fear?
Next, analyze the environment you work in right now. What opportunities exist for your growth and success? What threats could limit your career growth?
Step 2. Now, do the same thing in Step 1 for your "Post-Degree" future after you have earned your graduate degree. IF YOU CANNOT COMPLETE STEP 2, YOU HAVE NOT SUFFICIENTLY PLANNED FORYOUR FUTURE and therefore you need to do more research and need to think more about it.
Step 3. If you could complete step 2, than you should see the "Gap" between your present and your future. What skills, knowledge, and other resources do you need to close the gap between your present and future responsibilities, strengths, and opportunities?
Step 4. After completing Step 3, you now need to determine how an MBA will add value to you. It is possible that an increased salary as a result of job change will be sufficient "ROI" for the degree to justify itself, but you should show how a degree will allow you to reach your career goals. How will the degree enhance your skills and opportunities and help you overcome your weaknesses and external threats? If you can complete Step 4 than you should be ready to explain what your goals are, why you want a degree, and the relationship between your past and future career, as well as your strengths and weaknesses.
The above table will also help you answer such common interview questions as: Where do you want to work after you finish your degree? Why do you want an MBA (or other degree)? What are you strengths? What are your weaknesses? What are your goals? Thinking about these issues now will help you to develop a fully worked-out strategy for how you will best present yourself both in the application and in an interview.
ARE YOUR GOALS HOT?
Making career goals exciting requires thinking about whether your goals are compelling. Admissions committees ask applicants to write about their goals after graduate school, but can applicants actually know what will be on the cutting-edge in two or three years? While many applicants will be able to successfully apply with relatively standard goals ("I want to be a consultant because..."), communicating aspirations requires going beyond the typical.
Be informed. Columbia Admissions needs to believe you know what you are talking about. If you are changing careers, no one expects you to be an expert, but you should come across as having a clear plan based on real research into your future. If you are planning on staying in your present industry, you should be well informed not only about the companies you have worked for, but about the industry as a whole. If you are not already doing so, read industry related publications and network.
Those September ED and RD applicants who are changing fields should most certainly read industry related publications in their intended field. Additionally I suggest conducting informational interviews with at least one peer level and one senior level person in that field. Conduct a peer level interview to get a good idea of what it would be like to actually work in that industry. Conduct a senior level interview to get the perspective of someone who can see the big picture and all the little details as well.
Don't know anyone in your intended field? Network! One great way to start is through LinkedIn. Another is by making use of your undergraduate alumni network and/or career center.
LEARN WHAT IS HOT. No matter whether you are changing fields or not, learn what is hot now and try to figure out what will be hot by the time you graduate. Now, of course, this is just a plan and chances are that what is hot in your industry or field now may very well be cold in the future. The point is to come across to Columbia Adcom as someone who is not only well informed, but has CUTTING-EDGE knowledge. In addition to Columbia's Public Offering blog, also look at ideas@work, and The Chazen Web Journal of International Business. Some other great general sources for learning what is hot: Harvard Working Knowledge, Harvard Business Review, University of Chicago GSB's Working Papers, The University of Chicago's Capital Ideas, Stanford Social Innovation Review, Knowledge @ Wharton, and MIT Sloan Management Review.
You may also want to do a search on itunes for podcasts: My favorites are Entrepreneurial Thought Leaders (from the Stanford School of Engineering, but totally relevant) Net Impact, Chicago GSB Podcast Series, and Harvard Business IdeaCast. INSEAD, IMD, LBS, and Wharton also have podcasts.
LinkedIn Answers: Also consider joining LinkedIn and make use of LinkedIn Answers. LinkedIn Answers is a great way to tap into cutting edge expertise (including my admissions advice!). Follow LinkedIn's rules and you will often be able to obtain excellent information.
Hoovers: For information about specific companies, Hoovers is just a great way to learn about key facts including competitors (a very useful way of knowing who else you might want to work for and to learn about an industry). While primarily focused on the US, Hoovers does have listings for companies worldwide.
Vault: For scope of coverage, this site is a must. Vault includes both career and admissions information. It includes both company specific and industry-wide information.
Other sources: Read magazines, websites, and books that relate to your intended field.

ESSAY 2: SPEED DATING CBS STYLE 
I never participated in speed dating, but given the brief nature of the Columbia essay set, I think the speed dating metaphor holds because just as in speed dating, first impressions are everything.  For those not familiar with the concept, Wikipedia provides an excellent description. The film, The 40-Year-Old Virgin includes a rather funny speed dating scene. In this case, every applicant is given 500 words to charm CBS Admissions. Just remember that if you start talking about your professional accomplishments here, they will not be charmed. Here is a nice academic take on speed dating: (see Adam's blog for the video)

Essay 2: Please tell us about yourself and your personal interests. The goal of this essay is to get a sense of who you are rather than what you have achieved professionally. (Maximum of 500 words)"

I was, frankly, a bit shocked when I first saw this question, not because it is particularly odd, but because it represents a real change in what Columbia has been asking applicants.  They had previously eliminated their one personality question, but now personality is back!  The question itself is asking for you to introduce yourself on a personal level.  Each applicant will have a very different way of doing that.  

WHAT YOU SHOULD NOT WRITE ABOUT:
1.Don't focus on facts that they can find elsewhere in the application.
2. In Essay 1, you have already discussed your goals and why you want an MBA from Columbia, so don't discuss goals and why MBA here.
3. Don't write about your professional accomplishments. 
SO WHAT AM I SUPPOSED TO WRITE ABOUT?  IT IS ALL ABOUT YOU!
Some questions to get you brainstorming:
1. What do you want Columbia to know about you that would positively impact your chances for admission?
2. What major positive aspects of your life have not been effectively INTERPRETED to the admissions committee in other parts of the application?
3. If you were going to tell admissions two to five important things about you and your personal interests that would not be obvious from rest of the application, what would they be? Why should CBS care?
4. If there was one story about yourself that you think would really help admissions understand you and want to admit you, what is it?
5. Do you have a personal interest that you are very passionate about and committed to that would reveal important positive aspects about your personality?
6. If you have a sense of humor and/or creativity, how can you express it here? I suggest doing so if you can.
As you can see, these questions would lead to very different kinds of responses. There is no one way to answer this question, but I believe there are right ways for every applicant to do so.  For some people, this essay could focus on one major topic, but for others it might be focused on three or more.  The important thing is to use your 500 words to leave Columbia with a strong positive impression about you as a person.  Without focusing on the professional, you need to reveal key aspects of yourself that will make Columbia admissions feel like you have the kind of personality to succeed in their program and afterwords.

Optional Essay: Is there any further information that you wish to provide to the Admissions Committee? (Please use this space to provide an explanation of any areas of concern in your academic record or your personal history.)
As with other school's optional questions, do not put an obvious essay for another school here. If you read the above, it should be clear enough that this is the place to explain anything negative or potentially negative in your background. If you have no explanation for something negative, don't bother writing about it. For example if your GPA is 2.9 and you have no good explanation for why it is 2.9, don't bother writing something that looks like a lame excuse. This is more likely to hurt than help you. In the same vein, don't waste the committee's time telling them that your GMAT is a much better indicator than your GPA (the opposite is also true). They have heard it before and they will look at both scores and can draw their own conclusions without you stating the obvious. That said, if you have a good explanation for a bad GPA, you should most certainly write about it.
You can certainly write on something positive here if you think its omission will be negative for you, but before you do, ask yourself these questions:
1. If they did not ask it, do they really need to know it?
2. Will the topic I want to discuss significantly improve my overall essay set?
3. Is the topic one that would not be covered from looking at other parts of my application?
4. Is the essay likely to be read as being a specific answer for Columbia and not an obvious essay for another school?
If you can answer "Yes!" to all four questions, it might be a good topic to write about, but my suggestion is to keep it brief so as to be consistent with the length for the other essays, ideally around 100-500 words.

Reapplication Essay: How have you enhanced your candidacy since your previous application? Please detail your progress since you last applied and reiterate your short-term and long-term goals. Explain how the tools of the Columbia Business School will help you to meet your goals and how you plan to participate in the Columbia community . (Recommended 750 word limit).
The period of Reapplication at Columbia is rather limited, 12 months from the time of the initial application. If apply to Columbia more than 12 months after an initial application, you should apply as a new applicant. Columbia's Reapplication Checklist can be found here. I You will not be able to submit new answers to essays 1-3, but will have to use only the reapplicant essay.
When judging reapplicants Columbia makes it perfectly clear what they are expecting. See here for their criteria.
Clearly this essay gives you the opportunity to:
1. Showcase what has changed since your last application that now makes you a better candidate.
2. Refine your goals. I think it is reasonable that they may have altered since your last application, but if the change is extreme, you had better explain why.
3. Make a better case for why Columbia is right for you.
For more about reapplication, please see here and here.
CONCLUSION: Columbia Loves to Be Loved
One thing that is consistent about Columbia Business School is that they want to know that their school is your first choice. If you have an alumni interview you can be expected to be asked about that very directly. See here for my advice on Columbia interviews.
Finally, If you have not yet done significant Columbia related networking, you had better do so. See my earlier post on the value of networking.

Making Your MBA Essays Do “Double Duty” (Accepted.com)
http://blog.accepted.com/acceptedcom_blog/2010/7/16/making-your-mba-essays-do-double-duty.html
 With the new MBA essay questions coming out, you may be starting to sketch out your answers.  Of course first and foremost answer the given questions thoroughly and thoughtfully.  But how can your essays work for you to the max, especially when the questions don’t seem to provide opportunities to portray experiences, skills, qualities, or insights that you deem important to your profile? 
You make the essays do “double duty.” In other words, while answering the question, you also are incorporating points that will strengthen your application even if they aren’t specifically requested. 
You might think, if the program doesn’t ask for something, doesn’t it mean that factor isn’t important to the program?  Not necessarily.  For example, a school may not have a specific essay asking about teamwork, but almost any MBA program would value outstanding skill in this area.  Ditto creative problem-solving, ditto cross-cultural communication, ditto meaningful breadth of experience – e.g., you’ve worked in both matrix and hierarchical organizations and you’ve developed some pretty interesting insights from the contrasting experiences.
So how do you wrestle your essays into double duty?  Let’s use Columbia’s essays as an example.

Essay 1: What are your short-term and long-term post-MBA goals? How will Columbia Business School help you achieve these goals? (Recommended 750 word limit)
Essay 2: Please tell us about yourself and your personal interests. The goal of this essay is to get a sense of who you are, rather than what you have achieved professionally. (Recommended 500 word limit)

Optional essay: Is there any further information that you wish to provide to the Admissions Committee? (Please use this space to provide an explanation of any areas of concern in your academic record or your personal history.)

First, review Linda Abraham’s basic tips for answering these questions.  After you develop your main answers, think about what’s left out that’s important to your profile.  Let’s say you recently helped to integrate a newly acquired Malaysian enterprise into your company’s German subsidiary.  Your facilitating role evolved into an informal leadership role due to your cross-cultural communication skills and proactive, creative problem solving.  It’s a differentiating experience, you learned a lot, and your self-perception as a leader grew.  Where can you weave this in?  You want to keep essay 2 for non-work experiences.  And this experience isn’t directly related to your goals IT management.  In the optional you need to discuss an F in Beginning Farsi. 

There are two options for your Malaysian-German integration: Use the goals essay.  Even though this experience may not directly relate to your goal, mine it for relevant content, such as skills and perspective gained that would apply in your future roles.  Of course, you won’t describe the experience at length (because the question doesn’t ask about your background), but the brief sketch would still stand out.  And if you do it artfully, it will show you’re resourceful.
Use the optional essay.  You can have more than one point here.  So first discuss your F (point 1).  Then add a point 2, stating directly that this pivotal experience was formative, deepened your business perspective, and is an essential component of your profile.  Then describe the experience and add the insights, growth, and perspective gained from it – the latter are what you will contribute to the MBA learning environment.


Questions for Recommenders

What is your relationship to, and how long have you known the applicant? Is this person still employed by your organization? If not, when did he/she depart?
Please provide a short list of adjectives describing the applicant’s strengths.
Please compare the applicant’s performance to that of his/her peers. Does the applicant have the potential to become a senior manager?
How effective are the applicant’s interpersonal skills in working with peers, supervisors and subordinates?
How does the applicant accept constructive criticism?
Comment on your observations of the applicant’s ethical behavior.
What do you think motivates the candidate’s application to Columbia Business School?
In what ways could the applicant improve professionally? If you could change one thing about the applicant, what would it be?
Are there any other matters which you feel we should know about the applicant?

Ranking

Please evaluate the applicant by entering the following quality ratings for the traits below. For clarity please place an X in the appropriate box. Truly exceptional (Top 2%) Outstanding (Top 10%) Very good (Top 20%) Good (Top third) Average (Middle third) Poor (Bottom third).
Quality Evaluation
Poor Average Good Very Good Outstanding Truly Exceptional
Intellectual Ability:
Maturity
Quantitative Ability:
Analytical Skills:
Poise/Professionalism:
Initiative:
Personal integrity/ethics:
Interpersonal skills/ability to work well with others:
Sense of humor:
Verbal English Communication Skills:
Written English communication skills:
Self confidence:
Leadership ability:
Future managerial or business success:
Please provide us with your overall impression of the applicant

________________________________
________________________________

HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL /HBS

Application deadline - Tuesday, January 11, 2011 at 12:00 noon EST
Decision notification - Tuesday, March 29, 2011

Written Application: To apply for the Harvard Business School MBA Program, we ask you to assemble and prepare a variety of materials that will help us assess your qualifications. Remember, all materials must be submitted to HBS online. The following serves as a preview of what you need to prepare.

Application Components: The application for the MBA Class of 2013 consists of the following:

Responses to the four application essay questions (see below)
Current resume
Three recommendations (must be submitted online)
Self-reported transcripts from all undergraduate and graduate academic institutions attended (full- or part-time)
GMAT or GRE scores from a test taken January 1, 2006 or later (and TOEFL IBT or IELTS score, if applicable, from a test taken January 1, 2009 or later)
Signed HBS Community Values statement
Signed Statement of Application Integrity
Nonrefundable U.S. $250 application fee (credit card only)*
Interview (by invitation only)

Verification: The School will verify application information and reserves the right to withdraw any offer of admission already made if there is any discrepancy between the self-reported information and information provided through verification.

Essays for the Class of 2013
As an opportunity to present your distinctive qualities, your essays are an important part of your MBA application. You will be asked to submit your personal statements online with the balance of your application materials. Essays should be single-spaced. Please limit your response to the length indicated.
All applicants must submit answers to four essay questions. The first two questions are required of all applicants. The remaining two essays should be in response to your choice of the next four sub-questions.
Joint program applicants for the Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Law School, and Harvard Kennedy School must provide an additional essay.

Essays:

Required Essay 1

What are your three most substantial accomplishments and why do you view them as such? (600-word limit)

Required Essay 2

What have you learned from a mistake? (400-word limit)

Essay Question 3

Please respond to two of the following (400-word limit each):

What would you like the MBA Admissions Board to know about your undergraduate academic experience?
What is your career vision and why is this choice meaningful to you?
Tell us about a time in your professional experience when you were frustrated or disappointed.
When you join the HBS Class of 2013, how will you introduce yourself to your new classmates?

Joint degree applicants:
How do you expect the joint degree experience to benefit you on both a professional and a personal level? (400-word limit)

Clear Admit Harvard Business School Essay Topic Analysis 2010-2011
http://blog.clearadmit.com/2010/05/harvard-business-school-essay-topic-analysis-2010-2011/

For the 2010-2011 admissions season, HBS applicants will need to respond to a total of four essay questions.  Candidates are required respond to the two initial questions on the list and may then choose two of four additional questions – one less than last year – to round out the set.  Applicants must be clear and concise to fit their essays within each of the essay’s 600- or 400-word limits.  Let’s take a look at the essay questions for this year:

1. What are your three most substantial accomplishments and why do you view them as such? (600-word limit)
This essay question has been a hallmark of the HBS application for many years.  Due to its top billing, this question could be the first element of your file that the adcom reads, making this response a great opportunity to present the reader with three strong stories that introduce the major themes of your candidacy.  Each accomplishment can be presented as a stand-alone section here, so you needn’t be overly concerned about composing a seamless narrative.

HBS has traditionally been very impact-oriented in evaluating applicants’ credentials, so one way to determine which three accomplishments to describe in this essay is to think about the end results.  Experiences in which you made a lasting and quantifiable impact can lend themselves to concise, factual narratives, and considering that each accomplishment must be described in approximately 200 words, this can be an important consideration.  However, this isn’t to say that the process followed, skills gained, and lessons learned along the way aren’t important, too; these factors could be a great way to address the second half of the question: why you view these accomplishments as your most significant to date.

A final point is that it’s also important to select stories with an eye to balance.  An applicant who describes two professional successes and one extra-curricular accomplishment, or perhaps one each from the professional, academic and activities realms, can show that he or she excels in any environment.

2. What have you learned from a mistake? (400-word limit)
This question makes an appearance for a fourth consecutive year.  The subject of failure or setback is a popular one for business school essays in general, and there are a few important elements to consider in addressing this and similar prompts.  First, professional maturity, self-reflection and insight are key qualities to communicate.  Towards that end, successful essays will describe the mistake in straightforward, step-by-step detail, and will also own the misstep rather than making excuses.

Another important element to touch on is that you’ve experienced some growth or development since the initial mistake.  While applicants should not ‘gloss over’ their mistakes, it is important to emphasize positive growth and the learning experience that can come from missing the mark.  An effective essay will present this growth in terms of thoughts and feelings, while balancing comments about internal reflections with descriptions of more external actions and changes in behavior.
Please respond to two of the following (400-word limit each):
1. What would you like the MBA Admissions Board to know about your undergraduate academic experience?
While MBA applicants often draw upon their extracurricular experiences during college as topics for essays, it’s rare that they get a chance to talk about their more intellectual interests and achievements. This is your chance to go into some detail about why you chose your school and major and tell the admissions committee about your academic interests and educational milestones. A great essay will underscore an applicant’s intelligence and work ethic, as well as incorporate some element of leadership (especially if the applicant had a significant impact on the department or school as a whole).

2. What is your career vision and why is this choice meaningful to you?
Always unique among b-schools, HBS not only frames its essay about the applicant’s professional future in terms of a broad vision rather than concrete goals, but also makes it optional.

Harvard’s adcom tries to identify future business leaders, so applicants presenting a directed vision will make a positive impression. Because this essay is about your career vision, you might summarize your past experiences in a very concise manner (i.e. just a few sentences) before moving on to a detailed discussion of your future plans and the reasons that these plans are meaningful to you. Whereas many schools request a clear description of candidates’ immediate post-MBA career plan, this particular question lends itself to a long-term, big picture outlook. Of course, you might also touch on the ways in which HBS will help you achieve your vision. Think about how Harvard’s program (specific classes, classmates and clubs) would prepare you for your future.

3. Tell us about a time in your professional experience when you were frustrated or disappointed.
New to the HBS application, this prompt opens a wide range of topics for discussion and thus skills and qualities that an applicant can highlight.  Some examples of relevant topics include disagreements with one’s team or superiors, receiving negative feedback, making unpopular decisions, responding to a co-worker’s or employee’s mistake, or being faced with an ethical challenge.  As with Question 2, it’s important to concisely outline the situation by clarifying what caused you to feel frustrated or disappointed, as well as refrain from playing the “blame game.”  This essay gives applicants the opportunity to highlight their problem-solving skills, so applicants should focus on the steps they took to improve the situation or resolve the problem.  In demonstrating your leadership abilities, communication skills, creativity, and overall growth from the experience, you will show the adcom how you persevere through frustrating and disappointing circumstances – something that points to your ability to succeed through future trials at HBS and in your career.

4. When you join the HBS Class of 2012, how will you introduce yourself to your new classmates?
Also new to the HBS application, this question is somewhat similar to NYU Stern’s personal expression essay, as both require applicants to introduce themselves to their classmates, and in doing so allow the candidates to showcase their unique personalities.  In thinking about this prompt, applicants should consider what matters most to them as well as the impact they hope to have at HBS.  While your professional background may make up a portion of your introduction to your classmates, this essay does offer you the unique opportunity to discuss other aspects of who you are.  It’s therefore important that instead of repeating material you’ve discussed in other essays, you take this opportunity to showcase aspects of your profile that might not lend themselves to other essay topics.  In addition, because HBS is a school that likes natural leaders, it would behoove you in this essay to demonstrate your ability to engage people in your interests.

To further demonstrate your leadership abilities, this essay is a perfect opportunity for you to show how you turn your interests into action.  Therefore as you introduce yourself, it may be appropriate to think how your profile is relevant to the HBS community.  You therefore may want to discuss what you could share with the HBS community, based on your interests and background.

Conclusion
While each of these topics require a careful approach, one of the more challenging aspects of the HBS application is assembling the right mix of anecdotes across essays so as to provide the committee with the most complete (and strategic) view of your candidacy.  This is compounded by the fact that HBS allows for several choices in the final two essay topics.  As such, we recommend that our readers be sure to take a step back and consider their essays holistically as they move through the process of topic selection and writing.

Adam's Analysis

All here (in reverse order) http://adam-markus.blogspot.com/search/label/HBS
 July 06, 2010
HBS MBA Questions for Fall 2011 AdmissionThis post is focused on overall strategy for HBS MBA Questions for Fall 2011 Admission.
All the posts in this series: Overall Strategy, Accomplishments, Mistake, Option 1, Option 2, Option 3, and Option 4. My post on HBS interviews can be found here.
Here I will provide some overall strategic advice regarding applying to HBS.
Please keep in mind that additional strategy and tactics will be covered in the six other posts in this series. I suggest reading in the entire series of posts, even for the optional topics that you do not intend to write on.

CHANGES TO THE APPLICATION:
The two required questions are the same and so are two (Options 1 and 2) out of the four questions that applicants will get to choose from. HBS dropped three option questions and added two new options (3 and 4).
First Round versus Second Round versus Third Round
Well, I would not advise applying in the Third Round. That said, I have had a client admitted in the Third Round in recent years. My client who was admitted for fall 2009 was admitted in the Second Round. I had two clients who were interviewed, but not admitted in Round Two for fall 2010. In general, those who are truly ready for first round would be well served to do so. Second Round is fine otherwise, but Third round is for those who can't get it done sooner, have a very positive "freak-factor" going for them, and/or enjoy taking extreme risks. The HBS line on this is always that applicants should apply when they are ready, but that Third Round is not generally recommended.

GOALS/WHY MBA/HBS
The structure of the application is such that one does not have to write a "Why MBA? What are you Goals? Why HBS?" essay. Essay Option 2 is clearly designed for that purpose, but it is optional. That said, you really do want to fully account for the above questions in your own head, at least, because it is an important strategic consideration. Furthermore, you can assume that if you have an interview you will be asked about your educational and professional objectives (see my analysis of HBS interviews).
I think it is possible to actually use any of the questions except Option Four, to explain why you are applying to HBS and what your career vision is, BUT it is obviously rather easy to use Option 2 for that purpose. Clearly each applicant will have to figure out what works best for them. When I advise my clients on this, we deeply consider what topics will make for the best possible presentation. Thinking through alternatives is always a good idea.

JUST BECAUSE THEY DON'T ASK DOES NOT MEAN YOU SHOULD NOT KNOW: LEARN ABOUT HBS!
I think this is an obvious point, but I will make it anyway: I suggest you take a look at my posts on school selection as they will help you to analyze why HBS is right or wrong for you. Especially see one of my posts on someone who greatly benefited from being dinged by HBS. I think actually it is not right for everybody, so look at HBS closely to see if it right for you. Your age is certainly a consideration. In addition to what it is stated in this post, I suggest you review the entire series of posts even for questions you are not planning to write on because I have provided links to various things about HBS.

HBS is very open about who they take. They even indicate what undergraduate institutions those admitted attended. See here.
Not everyone should apply or go to HBS. For a happy story of HBS rejection, see here.

CASE STUDY AT HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL
While Harvard Business School is most known for its use of the case method (80%), other top programs use it typically 30%-50% of the time with the remainder consisting of lecture, experiential learning, simulations, and other methods. By the way, if you want to know what HBS students read in addition to case studies, see http://www.computersexy.com/blog/2008/02/03/hbs/what-do-hbs-students-read/.
If you are thinking about applying to HBS, you should learn about the case method/view. One of the clearest explanations for the case method is, not surprisingly, the HBS website. Every MBA applicant could benefit from watching the case study video which will provide you with a clear 13 minute and 25 second image of what case study is about. You should most certainly look at videos found at the HBS' YouTube channel.
Want to read some case studies?
One great resource for cases studies is caseplace.org, where you can read cases written by and for top business schools. Many were published by Harvard Business School through Harvard Working Knowledge, Harvard Business Review, and Harvard Business School Publishing. Sources for other cases include Stanford Social Innovation Review, Knowledge @ Wharton, and MIT Sloan Management Review.
Sponsored by the Aspen Institute, "CasePlace.org is a practical and dynamic resource for up-to-date case studies, syllabi and innovative MBA teaching materials on business and sustainability— from corporate governance to sustainable development." Given the sources and purpose of the site, this is a wonderful opportunity to read cases on a diverse range of subjects. If caseplace.org is not enough for you then you can also purchase case studies directly from HBS and other schools.
Please keep in mind that the objective is to get enough background to make good decisions about your applications, so don't feel obligated to spend so much time reading cases. Just spend enough time to know what the case method is and how it will impact your application decisions and admissions strategy.

WHICH TWO OF THE FIVE SHOULD I CHOOSE?
The important thing is to select the topics that will best represent you. Focus first on what you really want to say about yourself and then decide which questions will be best to answer. As I will discuss, Option 2 has the advantage of being really useful for a number purposes. Also, for some applicants, Option 1 is really very useful, so don't assume that I am suggesting that it is less worthy of consideration than the other three possibilities. Your objective is to construct the most effective presentation of yourself as possible in order to become part of the Class of 2013. One thing to avoid is an over-marketed set of essays. Instead focus on presenting yourself at your best. See my last post of 2007 on the limits of a marketing based strategy.

LEADERSHIP AT HBS: Please read my analysis of Essay 1 in which I will discuss leadership at HBS in detail. Given that the Optional Questions don't necessarily focus on leadership, Essays 1 and 2 are the most natural places to demonstrate leadership. Option 3 would also be a likely possibility.

WHAT YOU SHOULD DO NOW: Read my other six forthcoming posts in this series. Even if you are not planning to write on a specific question, you might very well find something that will help you with the questions you are writing on.

Learn as much as you can about HBS. If possible, go visit the campus. Visiting HBS, like visiting any business school, is one of the best ways to learn about it.
Attend admissions outreach events as these will give you an opportunity to hear from admissions directly and possibly interact with alumni. For a report on the recent Tokyo event, see here.

July 14, 2010
HBS: What are your three most substantial accomplishments and why do you view them as such?
This post is on the first of two required questions for the Harvard Business School MBA Application for 2011 admission.
All the posts in this series: Overall Strategy, Accomplishments, Mistake, Option 1, Option 2, Option 3, and Option 4.
My post on HBS interviews can be found here.
This analysis is greatly revised from my previous analysis of this question because it seems like this essay is the primary place to include leadership related content in this essay set. That said, I do not suggest that you necessarily focus all three of the accomplishments on leadership. There are many possible ways of effectively utilizing these essay questions. Just make sure you account for leadership in one or more of HBS essays.
HBS is about leadership. The HBS mission statement makes that clear: The mission of Harvard Business School is to educate leaders who make a difference in the world. As such HBS places a very high premium on applicants' leadership potential:
A Habit of Leadership
We recognize—and welcome—leadership that may be expressed in many forms, from college extracurricular activities to academic or business achievements, from personal accomplishments to community commitments. We appreciate leadership on any scale as well, from organizing a classroom to directing a combat squad, from running an independent business to spearheading initiatives at work. In essence, we are looking for evidence of your potential — a portfolio of experiences, initiatives, and accomplishments that reflect a habit of leadership.
Harvard thus has a very open-ended conception of leadership, but they are rigid in the necessity that applicants demonstrate it. I think this is true for other schools to a varying extent as well. For example, like HBS, "INSEAD is looking for applicants who can demonstrate their potential as leaders."my comparison of leadership at HBS and Stanford GSB. Even if a set of business school essay questions does not necessarily explicitly ask for you to show your potential for leadership, it should still be accounted for.

Leadership is no easy thing. Nor is it obvious. The worst possible thing is to conceive of leadership as simple formal responsibility or a title because this conveys nothing about the person in that position. While some applicants will have held formal leadership positions, many will not.

Formal leadership positions are great to write about if they involve the applicant actually having significant impact, making a difficult decision, being a visionary, showing creativity, or otherwise going beyond their formal responsibility, but the same is true for those showing leadership without having a formal title.

If you are having difficulty really understanding leadership, I have a few suggestions.
First, one great place to read about leadership, and business in general, is Harvard Business School Working Knowledge.
Second, find out what kind of leader you are by taking this quiz based on Lewin's classic framework. I think leadership is more complicated than Lewin's framework, but this quiz is a great way to get you started thinking about yourself, a key part of answering any leadership essay question effectively.
Third, if you have not done so, I suggest reading relevant essays in 65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays: With Analysis by the Staff of the Harbus, The Harvard Business School Newspaper. Reading through the essays on leadership should help you to understand the great diversity of topics that are possible.

OK, now that we have grounded ourselves in understanding the importance of leadership and begun to develop some possible leadership stories, how should you proceed?

Given the composition of the application for fall 2001 admission, I think the accomplishment essay is the most likely places for you to show your leadership potential. It is also possible to show this through the other essay questions, but less obviously so.
1. What are your three most substantial accomplishments and why do you view them as such? (600-word limit)
HBS has asked this question for a very long time. According to 65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays, "This is one of those essays that is probably a permanent fixture in the HBS application (p. 121)." So far it has been the only question not to change. HBS has made this one of the mandatory questions because...
-Accomplishments reveal your potential to succeed at HBS and afterwards.
-Accomplishments reveal your key strengths.
-Accomplishments reveal your potential for contributing to your classmates.
-Everyone has had accomplishments, so it is easy to compare applicants.
-What you consider to be an accomplishment are real tests of your self-awareness and judgment.
The following grid is the kind I have used successfully with applicants preparing this question (and the similar two accomplishment version for INSEAD):
(PLEASE CHECK ADAM'S BLOG)
How to use this grid for outlining your answer to Question 1:
Row 1: "Stories." The first thing you need to do is think of the accomplishments. These will eventually take the form of stories, so that is what I call them. A few things to keep in mind:
Your accomplishments may be personal, professional, or academic. If academic, make sure the accomplishment does not overlap with Option 1 if you choose to write on that question.
While it is very important that your accomplishments be distinct so as to reveal different things about you, there is no single formula for what their content must be. Especially given the highly variable nature of this essay set, it is possible that you have three professional accomplishments or one personal/one professional/one academic or two academic/one personal. It really will depend on your background. Some people think you need to have one academic, one professional, and one extracurricular here. My experience with both admits and those invited for interviews is that this is not the case.
The key consideration is that each accomplishment must be substantial and that you can explain why.Row 2: "What skill, value, or unique experience is being showcased?" Your accomplishments need to reveal valuable things about you. Some will call these selling points, but more specifically they consist of skills, values, or unique experiences. One might use a specific accomplishment to emphasize one's leadership skills, another to show one's ethical values, and another to explain a significant barrier that was overcome. The point is that each accomplishment must , at its core, reveal something key to understanding who you are.
Row 3: "What potential for success in the MBA program or afterwards is demonstrated?" You may or may not be directly stating this in the essay, but you should think about what each accomplishment reveals in terms of your potential. HBS Adcom will most certainly be considering how your accomplishments demonstrate your potential to succeed at HBS and afterwards, so you should as well. One key way of thinking about the MBA application process is to see it as a test of potential. Potential itself can mean different things at different schools and so you must keep in mind differences between schools and, in particular, must pay close attention to what schools say really matters when they assess applicants. Harvard Business School Admissions states:
Genuine business talent cannot be narrowly defined. Instead of looking for an "ideal" candidate, HBS invites MBA applicants who exhibit a variety of skills, accomplishments, and temperaments. The true common characteristics of our students are demonstrated leadership potential and a capacity to thrive in a rigorous academic environment.
Therefore, please keep in mind that a core part of your own application strategy should be determining which parts of yourself to emphasize both overall and for a particular school. For example, at HBS, clearly "demonstrated leadership potential" and a strong academic background are necessary. I have already discussed the importance of leadership, but academic potential is particularly important at HBS, especially because the forced grading curve makes it a uniquely challenging academic environment. For more about academic potential, see my comments on Option 1.
Beyond the potential to succeed at HBS, you may want to use one of your accomplishments to show why you will be able to reach your post-MBA goals. In fact, given the structure of the HBS set, you may end up writing about your goals in this essay if your goals relate directly to one or more of the accomplishments you write about.
Row 4: "Will this be a contribution to others in the MBA program? How?" Just as with potential, think about whether your accomplishments demonstrate your ability to add value to other students at HBS. Given space limitations, it is not likely that you will explain how one or more of your accomplishments will be a contribution, but rather this is a strategic consideration. The dynamic nature of case study at HBS is very much based on what each student contributes. Think about whether any of your accomplishments demonstrate how you will likely add value to other students' HBS experience. Not all substantial accomplishments will have this quality, but many will.
Row 5: "Why does Adcom need to know about this?" If your accomplishment has made it this far, chances are it is substantial. That said, I have two simple tests for determining whether an accomplishment really belongs in this essay. The first is whether Adcom really needs to know about this accomplishment. After all, you might consider getting the love of your life to marry you to be one of your most substantial accomplishments, but will Adcom care? If an accomplishment does not reveal (whether stated or implied) potential and/or contribution, chances are likely that it is not significant enough.
Row 6: "Is this something Adcom could learn about you elsewhere? (If "YES," find another accomplishment)" The second and final simple test I have for determining whether an accomplishment really belongs in this essay is based on the idea that something that is totally obvious about you to anyone looking at your resume and transcript is probably not worth mentioning. If you were a CPA, having an accomplishment that merely demonstrated you were good at accounting would not be worth writing about. Instead it would be important to show something more specific that reveals something that is not obvious by a mere examination of the basic facts of your application.
Finally, as I mentioned above, what you include here is a real test of your judgment, so don't just write about your obvious accomplishments. Think deeply and come up with a set of unique accomplishments that reveal distinct, interesting, and the most important things about you that will compel admissions to want to interview you.
Questions? Write comments or contact me directly at adammarkus@gmail.com. Please see my FAQ regarding the types of questions I will respond to. If you are looking for a highly experienced admissions consultant who is passionate about helping his clients succeed, please feel free to contact me at adammarkus@gmail.com to arrange an initial consultation. To learn more about my services, see here. Initial consultations are conducted by Skype or telephone. For clients in Tokyo, a free face-to-face consultation is possible after an initial Skype or telephone consultation. I only work with a limited number of clients per year and believe that an initial consultation is the best way to determine whether there is a good fit. Whether you use my service or another, I suggest making certain that the fit feels right to you.

July 14, 2010
HBS: What have you learned from a mistake? This post is on the second of the two required questions for the Harvard Business School MBA Application for 2011 admission.
All the posts in this series: Overall Strategy, Accomplishments, Mistake, Option 1, Option 2, Option 3, and Option 4. My post on HBS interviews can be found here.
2. What have you learned from a mistake? (400-word limit)
I think the reason HBS, as well as many other schools, ask about mistakes and failures is because they want to see that you have the ability to learn from errors and/or problems. Clearly this is an important skill required for analyzing case studies.
I think it is important that we read what is written here very closely as it will help you see that there are multiple correct ways to answer this question. It is particularly important to differentiate between a failure and a mistake:
FAILURE: 1. The condition or fact of not achieving the desired end or ends: the failure of an experiment. 2. One that fails: a failure at one's career. 3. The condition or fact of being insufficient or falling short: a crop failure. 4. A cessation of proper functioning or performance: a power failure. 5. Nonperformance of what is requested or expected; omission: .failure to report a change of address. 6. The act or fact of failing to pass a course, test, or assignment. 7. A decline in strength or effectiveness.
MISTAKE: 1. An error or fault resulting from defective judgment, deficient knowledge, or carelessness. 2. A misconception or misunderstanding.
A mistake is wider in scope than a failure because not all mistakes necessarily lead to failure, though human failures are certainly the result of mistakes. A mistake may lead to a failure. A mistake may actually lead to a positive unintended outcome.
Notice that HBS does not say "your mistake." It is possible that the mistake you learned from might be one where you were an observer, a victim, and/or the source of the solution. That said, I can't recommend writing about a mistake where you blame someone else. After all, leaders take responsibility and if you are using one of your four essays to show why you are not responsible, I don't think you will be optimizing your chances for an interview invitation from HBS.
It is critical that you learned something meaningful about yourself. And your learning about yourself should be important, otherwise why tell admissions about it? Therefore the key constraint of this question is that whatever the mistake is, you have learned something important from it. While not stated, you may very well find that one way of showing what you learned is to discuss how you applied your lesson to a new situation.
I would, in fact, argue that the heart of any sort of "failure question," whether it is an essay question or an interview is what you learned. Also depending on what your role was, how you reacted is also very important.
The basic components of an answer:
1. Clearly state what the mistake was.
2. Clearly state your role.
3. Explain how you reacted to the situation.
4. Explain what you learned.
5. If applicable, show how you applied what you learned to a new situation. Given the word count limitations, getting to this step can be challenging, but I highly recommend it.
The nice thing about mistakes is that everyone makes them. That said, if your mistake is terribly minor, it is unlikely to really to reveal anything significant. So focus on a big mistake where you really learned something. The word count is limited, but, if you can, show how you applied what you learned to a new situation because the application of abstract learning to a new situation is a key indicator of real learning. Think about really demonstrating the value of what you learned. In this regard, I think it is often the case that older mistakes make better topics because the post-mistake learning is likely to more effectively result in application to a new situation.
FALSE LEARNING
Every year as part of my reapplication counseling work, I read mistake/failure essays that are part of applications to schools like HBS, Wharton, and INSEAD. One major reason why a failure/mistake essay might not work well is false learning. False learning is any situation when you indicate that you learned something, but actually it was something that you already knew or others are likely to assume that you know. False learning tends to undermine the credibility of applicant in terms of their intelligence and honesty. It is thus best avoided. To avoid it, simply ask yourself whether you actually learned something new and were not merely reminded of the sort of thing you have learned while in kindergarten or soon thereafter.
Topic Selection
Pick a failure that you can be proud of and that ultimately shows you in positive light based on the understanding that you obtained and the maturity you demonstrated after the fact. The topic might be academic, personal, or professional. When you select the topic, think not only about the topic's significance, but also it's impact on overall balance within your essay set.
Mistake essays can be great opportunities to reveal something your approach to leadership or teamwork. Taking responsibility for a mistake, learning to communicate more effectively with others, gaining greater insight into how to influence others, and many other topics can be used effectively to highlight your leadership potential.
Some topics are best avoided. For example, it is usually unattractive to consider your employment termination due to entering into a particular job sector or for a particular employer as a mistake. Failed romantic relationship mistakes are even less likely to result in an effective HBS essay. Such topics might certainly be great moments of learning, but such topics rarely make good essays as they tend to have an undercurrent of regret, possibly anger, and often communicate nothing very positive about the applicant.
I hope you write about a great mistake successfully.

July 15, 2010
HBS: What would you like the MBA Admissions Board to know about your undergraduate academic experience? This post is on the first of four of the "pick two" questions for the Harvard Business School MBA Application for Fall 201 Admission.
All the posts in this series: Overall Strategy, Accomplishments, Mistake, Option 1, Option 2, Option 3, and Option 4. My post on HBS interviews can be found here.

1. What would you like the MBA Admissions Board to know about your undergraduate academic experience? (400-word limit)
It is rather obvious that the questions an MBA program asks you reflect its admissions strategies. This is as true for the Harvard Business School as for any other school. For example, when HBS introduced the this question in 2005, it was directly connected to an effort to recruit younger applicants.
This question is obviously ideal for an applicant to the 2+2 program, a graduating senior or someone with 1 or 2 years of work to answer.It is no surprise that they ask this question. Consider the emphasis that HBS puts on academic ability:
"Harvard Business School is a demanding, fast-paced, and highly-verbal environment. We look for individuals who will thrive on sophisticated ideas and lively discussion. Our case-based method of learning depends upon the active participation of prepared students who can assess, analyze, and act upon complex information within often-ambiguous contexts. The MBA Admissions Board will review your prior academic performance, the results of the GMAT, and, if applicable, TOEFL and/or IELTS, and the nature of your work experience. There is no particular previous course of study required to apply; you must, however, demonstrate the ability to master analytical and quantitative concepts."
More generally, I think that this question is great for any applicant who learned something valuable in their undergraduate academic program. You don't need a high GPA to answer this one and, in fact, those who don't have a high GPA, but actually did something meaningful as part of their program of study, should consider writing on this topic to help mitigate the impact of a weak GPA.
For those who have been out of school for a while or would prefer to emphasize other aspects of their background, this question need not be answered as long as some other aspect(s) of your application- GMAT score, GPA, transcript, your resume, or perhaps one of your substantial accomplishments- demonstrates your academic potential to succeed. You must demonstrate your academic potential somewhere in your application (Yes, a solid GPA and GMAT are enough for that purpose), so if you find that have not done so effectively elsewhere and have an important story to tell about your undergraduate experience, you should most certainly consider writing an essay on this question.
Additionally for those whose undergraduate academic experience connects to their career vision and/or reasons for obtaining an MBA, part of this essay may very well serve that explanatory purpose. If you do find that you can best relate your career vision and/or reasons for pursuing an MBA on this topic, I still suggest you closely review my analysis of Option 5.
ESSAY STRUCTURE AND CONTENT
The likely structure for your answer here may very well be similar to the Accomplishments Essay. That said, while it is possible to write on multiple aspects of your academic experience (two to four different topics), it is certainly possible that you might want to focus on only one topic here.
While this essay may seemingly focus on an academic topic, it is very possible that the theme actually relates to your leadership potential, career vision, personality, or some other topic that you have not effectively addressed elsewhere. As with any topic, you should ask yourself why Adcom needs to know about it?
WARNING
The following two topics are not really so effective here:
1. A story focused on your graduate school experience. Unless the point is to simply show that your undergraduate work laid the foundation for your graduate studies, discussing graduate school is pretty much outside of the scope of what is acceptable here.
2. A story focused on your non-academic undergraduate activities. Clearly this is not part of what HBS is asking about.
Both topics might very well have their place in the Accomplishments Essay, but not here.
Finally, I should point out that I don't see any advantage to using this essay to explain a bad GPA. Instead focus not such an explanation, but on making a clear argument for why you are strong candidate. There is an additional information section on the application which is long enough to provide a brief explanation of anything problematic in your academic background.

July 23, 2010
When you join the HBS Class of 2013, how will you introduce yourself to your new classmates? This post is on the forth of four of the "pick two" questions for the Harvard Business School MBA Application for Fall 2011 Admission.
All the posts in this series: Overall Strategy, Accomplishments, Mistake, Option 1, Option 2, Option 3, and Option 4. My post on HBS interviews can be found here.
4. When you join the HBS Class of 2013, how will you introduce yourself to your new classmates?
As I discussed in my analysis of Columbia Business School’s Essay 2, first impressions matter. The purpose of this new question is to give the HBS Admissions insight into your personality. Specifically, what parts of you would you want your fellow students to initially know about you? Think about the section of 90 students you will be a part of as well as the Class of 2013 as a whole. You can think about this in terms of contribution and/or in terms of fit: Explain why the HBS Class of 2013 is the right community for you to be a part of.
You have already discussed your most substantial achievements in Essay 1 and clearly a career vision is not really what your classmates need to first know about you. If you think people want to hear about your career goals when you initially meet them, you are (a) suffering from delusions of grandeur, (2) impossibly socially retarded, and/or (3) not taking the question seriously. Perhaps your goals will be interesting to some people in the Class of 2013 but certainly not all. And is that what they first need to know about you? When you meet first someone, do you first tell them your career vision? I bet not.
For those who don't write a career vision essay for HBS, this essay can certainly explain why you not to attend HBS, but very careful about how you do that. Make sure you are communicating that explanation in way that would actually make a strong first impression on a fellow student. Make sure you don't end up writing a goals essay, instead try to write a fit essay. For those also applying to MIT, it is possible that this HBS essay would be a great choice because both the MIT cover letter and this essay question are focused on fit.
Think about why someone would want to be your friend, your colleague, and/or your teammate. Without making this into a contribution essay so directly, you need to imagine that you are trying to make your fellow students like you and what to work with you. What special qualities and a talents will bring to enhance the experience of the Class of 2013?
Identify a few, likely two to four, aspects of yourself that would make a strong positive impression on your classmates. provide stories, perhaps only anecdotes, to introduce yourself.
Obviously you don't want to unnecessarily repeat content presented in other essays, but it is certainly possible that the same characteristic about yourself that makes an accomplishment possible is also something you elaborate on, with a different story, in this essay.
Keep in mind that you don't want this to a purely chronological life story. There is really not enough word count for such a chronological exercise, but you can certainly interpret your life if doing so will make for an effective way of introducing yourself to your classmates.
Bottom Line: Make your reader want to meet you!

July 18, 2010
HBS: Tell us about a time in your professional experience when you were frustrated or disappointed.
This post is on the third of four of the "pick two" questions for the Harvard Business School MBA Application for Fall 2011 Admission.
All the posts in this series: Overall Strategy, Accomplishments, Mistake, Option 1, Option 2, Option 3, and Option 4. My post on HBS interviews can be found here.
3. Tell us about a time in your professional experience when you were frustrated or disappointed.
If Essay Option 1 was written especially for the benefit of those without professional experience, Option 3 is written for those with professional experience.
DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN THIS QUESTION AND REQUIRED ESSAY QUESTION 2
Keeping in mind that you have already covered the topic of a mistake and what you learned it from it, you certainly want to make sure that the content between the two. I think that differentiation, at its most basic means NOT WRITING ABOUT FAILURE IN BOTH ESSAYS. Too much failure would probably make it difficult to fully focus on accomplishments and/or lock you into "the whole learning from failure model," potentially resulting in essays that are structurally telling the same story. The mistake question requires a discussion of learning from failure, but this one does not.
LIFE SUCKS AT LEAST SOME OF THE TIME
I have yet to meet a person who has not experienced frustration or disappointment. The world of work is filled with things that produce frustration or disappointment. I would suggest you think about people and projects.
PEOPLE: Difficult people, mean people, stupid people, lazy people, rude people, psychologically disturbed people, etc. are all part of the world of work. How do you effectively handle such encounters? What techniques of working through interpersonal problems have you developed? This really is about your emotional intelligence. People can frequently disappointment each other: How do you overcome a situation when there is a huge gulf between your expectations and the actual output/behavior of someone else in a professional situation?
PROJECTS can certainly be a huge source of both frustration or disappointment. Projects can be frustrating because of problems on a team, organizational resistance, insufficient resources (time, money, people, and/or ideas), lack of clarity of objectives, bad strategy and/or tactics, etc. Dealing with such problems can highlight ones leadership, teamwork, creativity and/or problem solving skills in a tight situation.
BOOKS TO HELP YOU BRAINSTORM
One book that I think might really be worth your consideration is Patrick Lencioni's THE FIVE DYSFUNCTIONS OF A TEAM (MANGA EDITION). Lencioni's brings an understanding of frustration builds up and is expressed in teamwork, how and why leaders fail to build teams that work, and numerous other ways that the team, as the core unit of an organization can frustrate, disappoint, and fail. I have never bothered reading the book version, but the comic book is great! The scenario that is built in the comic book really lays out a series of team stories that might help you develop your own team-based frustration or disappointment story.
As far as difficult personalities in professional settings go, Professor Robert Sutton at Stanford GSB has written one of the best books on the subject, THE NO ASSHOLE RULE. While I don't necessarily suggest that you tell HBS that you were "frustrated by an asshole," Professor Sutton's provides a deep understanding of both how to handle such people, how to avoid them, and how not to become one.

THE BOTTOM LINE: “When life hands you lemons – you make lemonade.”
HBS is a place for doers not complainers, so whatever you write about make sure that you come across as someone who overcomes frustration and disappointment.

July 15, 2010
HBS: What is your career vision and why is this choice meaningful to you? This post is on the second of four of the "pick two" questions for the Harvard Business School MBA Application for Fall 2011 Admission.
All the posts in this series: Overall Strategy, Accomplishments, Mistake, Option 1, Option 2, Option 3, and Option 4. My post on HBS interviews can be found here.
2. What is your career vision and why is this choice meaningful to you? (400-word limit)
While I think it is important that the MBA Admissions Board understand what motivates you, I don't believe that you necessarily have to answer this essay topic to tell them that. While many applicants are likely to want to answer this question, if you want to set yourself apart from the pack, don't do it unless your answer is really very compelling.
An obvious reason for why HBS admissions made this question optional is because they don't want to read standard obligatory goals essays. This has been part of trend at HBS which began when they stopped asking about why applicants want to attend there. I think they decided that asking that particular "Why HBS?" question was not interesting and probably not sufficiently helpful in selecting who would necessarily succeed at HBS. As I have mentioned in my first post in this series, it is possible to express your future academic and professional objectives in another essay question.
An answer to this question that is not compelling is a poor use of your limited essay space. If you know your career goals are fairly generic and lack a strong visionary aspect to them, don't write on this topic. Instead, create an overall essay strategy that includes with in at least one of your four essays a clear explanation of why you want an HBS education and your potential to succeed at HBS and afterwords. While you will certainly have to explain your goals in an HBS interview, if you know your career vision is not one of the more interesting subjects you have to write about, don't write this essay.
At a strategic application level, all applicants should go through the process of analyzing their goals in detail. Chances are quite high that if your are interviewed by HBS, you will be asked about your goals. Hence, having essays that account for your goals even indirectly or in limited detail is an important part of having an overall application strategy.
Even if your career vision is absolutely clear to you, I suggest going through a formal process of MBA goals formulation. You can use my GAP, SWOT, AND ROI TABLE FOR FORMULATING GRADUATE DEGREE GOALS for this purpose (see below). I think Gap, SWOT, and ROI analysis are great ways for understanding what your goals are, why you want a degree, and how you will use it. (Click here for a GMAC report on MBA ROI.)
Post truncated
Find the full info here
http://adam-markus.blogspot.com/2010/07/hbs-what-is-your-career-vision-and-why.html


Questions for Recommenders

Please comment on the context of your interaction with the applicant. How long have you known the applicant and in what connection? If applicable, briefly describe the applicant's role in your organization. (250-word limit)
Please describe the most important piece of constructive feedback you have given the applicant. Please detail the circumstances and the applicant's response. (250-word limit)
Please make additional statements about the applicant's performance, potential, or personal qualities you believe would be helpful to the MBA Admissions Board. (250-word limit)

________________________________
________________________________

KELLOGG SCHOOL of MANAGEMENT

DEADLINES

http://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/Home/Programs/FullTimeMBA/Applying/Deadlines.aspx

Application Part 1 Deadlines

Part 1 must be submitted to request an off-campus interview OR to schedule an on-campus interview with the Kellogg Admissions Office. Please note the different interview deadlines.

OFF-CAMPUS INTERVIEW REQUEST DEADLINES
Select the off-campus interview request box and submit Part I by
Dec. 15, 2010
Please allow up to eight weeks after submitting Part I to receive either an interview assignment in your local area or an interview waiver in areas of high demand.

ON-CAMPUS INTERVIEW DEADLINES
Select the on-campus interview request box and submit Part I by Jan. 11, 2011
THEN
Contact the Kellogg Admissions Office to schedule and complete
your interview by Mar. 05, 2011

Please allow two business days after submitting Part I to schedule your interview.
Chicago-area MBA applicants must request an off-campus interview unless applying to the JD-MBA program.

Application Part 2 Deadlines

Due by 11:59 p.m. CDT
Jan. 11, 2011

Decision
Rendered by
Mar. 28, 2011

Why does Kellogg have a two-part application?
Kellogg requires all applicants to request an interview. Submission of Part I of the application allows candidates to request an interview and designate their interview preference (on campus vs. off campus) prior to completing the entire application. Submitting an off-campus interview request does not guarantee an interview, however. The interview may be waived in areas of high demand or remote location. If an interview preference is not selected or if an on-campus interview is not scheduled by the designated deadline, the interview will be waived.

What is required in Part I and Part II of the application?
Part I
• Data form: biographical information, educational experience, academic honors, extracurricular activities, work history, self reported GMAT and TOEFL scores and Résumé.
• Interview request:
– To request an off-campus interview: Select the appropriate off-campus interview request box in Part I and submit by the deadline designated below. The admissions committee will notify candidates of an interview assignment or interview waiver via e-mail or an interview may be waived in areas of high demand or remote location. A waived interview does not negatively affect your application. Off-campus interview assignments may take up to eight weeks depending upon demand and location.
– To request an on-campus interview: Select the on-campus interview request box in Part I and submit by the deadline designated below. Allow two business days before calling the admissions office at 847-491-3308 to schedule an oncampus interview. Appointments may fill up four to six weeks in advance.
• $250 non-refundable application fee payable only by credit card.

Part II
• Register two recommenders to complete and submit the online letter of recommendation
• Scanned transcript(s)
• Scanned test scores, if available
• Essays
• Kellogg Honor Code

2011 Application Essay Questions
http://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/Home/Programs/FullTimeMBA/Applying/EssayQuestions.aspx
 http://bit.ly/Kellogg2010-11

Essay #1a) MBA Program applicants - Briefly assess your career progress to date. Elaborate on your future career plans and your motivation for pursuing an MBA. (600 word limit)

Essay #2: Describe your key leadership experiences and evaluate what leadership areas you hope to develop through your MBA experience. (600 word limit)

Essay #3: Assume you are evaluating your application from the perspective of a student member of the Kellogg Admissions Committee. Why would you and your peers select you for admission, and what impact would you make as a member of the Kellogg community? (600 word limit)

Essay #4: Complete one of the following three questions or statements. (400 word limit)
Re-applicants have the option to answer a question from this grouping, but this is not required.
a) Describe an instance where you encountered resistance in a professional team setting. How did you address the situation?
b) People may be surprised to learn that I…..
c) The best mistake I ever made was…….

Required essay for re-applicants only – Since your previous application, what steps have you taken to strengthen your candidacy? (400 word limit)

Clear Admit Kellogg Essay Topic Analysis 2010-2011

We’d like to take some time today to offer some guidance on Kellogg’s essay prompts for the 2010-2011 admissions season.  With most questions remaining identical to last year’s application, Kellogg continues to show an interest in an applicant’s potential contributions to the community, encouraging candidates to discuss what makes them unique and how they would be a valued and active member in the program.

Essay Question 1

Briefly assess your career progress to date. Elaborate on your future career plans and your motivation for pursuing an MBA. (600 word limit)

This is a fairly standard career goals/why MBA essay.  As usual, it’s important to remember that specificity of goals is key, and keep in mind that the school prides itself on its collegial culture when addressing the ‘why Kellogg’ issue.  One more thing to note is that the request that applicants “assess” their progress to date is unique to Kellogg’s version of this question.  This would suggest that it might be appropriate to incorporate a few reflective or even evaluative comments into your discussion of your professional path in order to tailor your perspective to Kellogg’s question.

As is the case with most schools, demonstrating an understanding of the unique merits of Kellogg’s program is crucial to an effective response to this question (as well as the second essay about one’s potential contribution).  Taking the time to learn about the school’s curriculum, special programs and extracurricular activities – whether through a visit to campus, conversation with alumni or reading the Clear Admit School Guide to Kellogg – will pay dividends here.

Essay Question 2

Describe your key leadership experiences and evaluate what leadership areas you hope to develop through your MBA experiences. (600 word limit)

This essay is a great opportunity to showcase your various leadership roles in college and afterwards. Given the number of subjects that need to be covered in this response, it would be wise to focus your discussion on two or three leadership examples rather than a laundry list of positions held. Of course, it’s also important to take note of the Kellogg-specific slant of this inquiry. In addition to touching on situations in which you’ve taken the lead and the skills gained and lessons learned from these experiences, you’ll want to think through the ways that you could apply these to the benefit of the Kellogg community, as well as how you could enhance your leadership approach during your time in business school.

Essay Question 3

Assume you are evaluating your application from the perspective of a student member of the Kellogg Admissions Committee. Why would you and your peers select you for admission, and what impact would you make as a member of the Kellogg community? (600 word limit)

This is one of the trickier questions out there in the MBA admissions world, as the request that applicants take a third-party perspective on their own applications virtually prohibits them from introducing any new information in this essay, as they must evaluate their own candidacy based upon the information that they have already submitted. The key is to use this response to draw the inferences that you would hope the reader to make based on your application, perhaps explicitly commenting on themes that run through your experience or drawing connections between your goals and some aspect of your background.

To answer the second part of the prompt, it would make sense to focus on your potential contributions in the classroom and around campus.  Keep in mind that past academic performance may not be as importance to one’s peers as background, interests and hobbies, and perspectives.  Examples of possible material might include discussing your unique achievements, demonstrating that you are in a great position to share something interesting in the classroom, or shedding light on a particular passion that might translate into involvement in one of Kellogg’s clubs.

Essay Question 4

Complete one of the following three questions or statements.

(400 word limit)
Re-applicants have the option to answer a question from this grouping, but this is not required.
a) Describe an instance where you encountered resistance in a professional team setting. How did you address the situation?

New to Kellogg’s application, this prompt signals the adcom’s interest in how potential students handle opposition. As Kellogg highly values one’s ability to work in teams, the admissions committee is likely interested in learning how you managed any interpersonal fall-out in navigating the situation.  After describing the situation in detail, applicants should comment on both their thoughts and actions in response, highlighting how they were able to address the resistance they faced.  This essay gives applicants the opportunity to highlight their problem-solving skills, so applicants should focus on the steps they took to improve the situation or resolve the problem, as doing so will show the adcom how applicants would succeed through challenges at Kellogg and in their future career.

b) People may be surprised to learn that I…

This essay prompt enables candidates to discuss some element of their backgrounds that will show a new and interesting side of themselves that doesn’t come across in the rest of their application materials, and which might make them more three-dimensional to the person reviewing their files.  The prompt might be of most value to applicants from traditionally oversubscribed groups (i.e. engineers and financial analysts), as they may highlight what differentiates them from the rest of the applicant pool.  Beyond the surprising fact itself, it would make sense to offer some reflection on what led one to develop a skill or what implications a unique experience has had for one’s life or career.  For example, an analyst at an investment bank who grew up on a farm might surprise the adcom with the fact that he knows how to shear a sheep, and then move into a discussion of his early years and the way lessons he learned through this experience have served him since.

c) The best mistake I ever made was…

This essay is also new to the Kellogg application, although the subject of failure or setback is a popular one for business school essays in general.  By asking them to discuss the “best” mistake they ever made, Kellogg is prompting applicants to discuss a situation in which the lessons they learned have benefitted them greatly in their professional and/or personal lives.  While it’s important to display maturity and self-reflection in detailing the mistake you made, this essay affords you the opportunity to showcase your growth and development in explaining how this mistake was a learning experience.  It may also behoove applicants to discuss how what they’ve learned will point them towards success at Kellogg and in their career plans.


Questions for Recommenders

Please limit your responses to two to four pages

Please comment on the candidate's career performance. Cite specific examples where possible. (e.g. ranking relative to others in the industry, overall progression within the organization, impact on organization)
Please evaluate the candidate's demonstrated leadership and leadership potential (e.g. ability to influence others, initiative, contribution beyond expected responsibilities)
What do you perceive to be the candidate's weaknesses? What efforts has he or she made to address these weaknesses?
What observations do you have about the candidate's interpersonal skills? (e.g. maturity, listening skills, team skills, sense of humor,respect for different viewpoints.)
Please comment on the candidate's intellectual ability (e.g. analytical and quantitative skills, communication skills, creativity, curiosity)


________________________________
________________________________

MIT SLOAN MBA PROGRAM

Deadlines

Application Received By: 12 noon Pacific Standard Time (2000 GMT) Tuesday, Jan 4, 2011
Decisions Released By: Monday, Apr 4, 2011
Reply By: Friday, May 27, 2011

http://mitsloan.mit.edu/mba/admissions/dates.php

Accepted.com MIT Sloan 2011 MBA Application Questions, Deadlines, Tips
http://blog.accepted.com/acceptedcom_blog/2010/7/19/mit-sloan-2011-mba-application-questions-deadlines-tips.html
 MIT Sloan 2011 MBA Essay Questions
Linda's tips for answering Sloan's essay questions are below each question.

Résumé: Please prepare a business resume that includes your employment history in reverse chronological order, with titles, dates, and whether you worked part-time or full-time. Your educational record should also be in reverse chronological order and should indicate dates of attendance and degree(s) earned. Other information appropriate to a business resume is welcomed and encouraged. The resume should not be more than one page in length (up to 50 lines).

Go beyond mere job description to highlight achievement. If your title is "consultant." Saying that you "consulted on projects" is uninformative at best. Writing that you "Led a 6-member team working on a biotech outsourcing project to Slovakia with a budget of $X. It came in on time and under budget" conveys infinitely more.

Cover Letter:

Prepare a cover letter (up to 500 words) seeking a place in the MIT Sloan MBA Program. Describe your accomplishments and include an example of how you had an impact on a group or organization. Your letter should conform to standard business correspondence and be addressed to Mr. Rod Garcia, Director of MBA Admissions.

Like all cover letters, this is a sales document. Make your case for admission using your accomplishments, specifically those where you "had an impact on a group or organization." How do the talents revealed in these examples demonstrate fit with the Sloan program, its tight-knit community, and its innovative culture?

Essays: We are interested in learning more about you and how you work, think, and act. For each essay, please provide a brief overview of the situation followed by a detailed description of your response. Please limit the experiences you discuss to those which have occurred in the past three years.

In each of the essays please describe in detail what you thought, felt, said, and did.

The devil is in the details, and Sloan wants them for each of these stories. Look for moments that stand out in your mind. You don't have room for anything but those stand-outs.

Essay Question 1

Please describe a time when you went beyond what was defined, expected, established, or popular. (500 words or fewer, limited to one page)

The question on one hand provides direction and is clearly defined. On the other, it provides plenty of latitude for individuality. One of the more interesting and unusual options in this question is "beyond what was ... popular."

You need to write about an experience with an expectation of outcome or performance that you surpassed -- perhaps blew past. In writing your essay you could start with the expectation, i.e. what you went beyond. Or you could start with the achievement. You could start with the moment when you accepted the challenge or when you realized you were going in an unexpected direction.

Don't forget to include analysis in the answer. To what do you ascribe your success? What motivated you? What did you learn from the experience? Say what you felt and thought as well as what you said and did.

Essay Question 2

Please describe a time when you convinced an individual or group to accept one of your ideas.

(500 words or fewer, limited to one page)

This is a new questions, but it is closely related to last year's #2, which focused on leadership. However the question really reflects two ideas at the very heart of the Sloan MBA: leadership and innovation. Persuasion is one element in leadership and "your idea" should showcase your problem-solving and innovative thinking.

As in your Essay 1, focus on one event. Make room for analysis. Tell a story, and tell a different tale from the one told in Essay 1. You can use a professional or a non-professional experience for this essay. Sports, community service, or even the arts can provide the context.

Essay Question 3

Please describe a time when you took responsibility for achieving an objective.

(500 words or less, limited to one page)

A different aspect of leadership from that sought in Essay 2 is requested here. Taking responsibility for an outcome before results are certain is a critical element of leadership. As you approach this and the other questions, keep in mind MIT's very practical focus and motto: "mens et manus"or "mind and hand." When you accepted that responsibility, how did you go from concept (the objective) to reality (the outcome)?

Supplemental Information (Optional)

You may use this section to address whatever else you want the Admissions Committee to know. (250 words or fewer, limited to one page)

If there is some facet of your experience, be it professional, academic or personal, that you have not discussed elsewhere and would like the adcom to know about, include it here. Give them another reason to admit you, but don't submit the grand summary, appeal, or closing statement. Keep it focused and cogent. Yes if necessary, you can use this question to address specific circumstances that may have negatively affected your academic performance. Don't leave them wondering or guessing.

If you would like help with your MIT Sloan MBA application, please consider Accepted.com's MBA essay editing and admissions consulting or an MIT Sloan School Package, which includes essay editing, interview coaching, consultation, and a resume edit for the MIT Sloan MBA application.


Questions for Recommenders

Recommendations should not exceed two pages each

How long and in what capacity have you known the applicant?
How does the applicant stand out from others in a similar capacity?
Please give an example of the applicant’s impact on a person, group, or organization.
Please give a representative example of how the applicant interacts with other people.
Which of the applicant’s personal or professional characteristics would you change?
Please tell us anything else you think we should know about this applicant.



________________________________
________________________________

MICHIGAN ROSS MBA

Due January 5, 2011
http://www.bus.umich.edu/Admissions/ApplyNow.htm

Fall 2011 Full-time MBA Essay Questions

Essay 1

Introduce yourself in 100 words or less.

Essay 2

Describe your career goals. How will the Ross MBA help you to achieve your goals? (500 word maximum)

Essay 3

Describe a time in your career when you were frustrated or disappointed.  What did you learn from that experience?  (500 word maximum)

Essay 4 (Choice question)

Select one of the following questions: 
• What are you most passionate about and why?  (300 word maximum)
• We expect that Ross MBAs will not only be effective leaders, but also effective teachers.  How will you contribute to the learning experience of your peers at Ross?  (300 word maximum)

Essay 5 (Optional question)

Is there anything else you think the Admissions Committee should know about you to evaluate your candidacy?  (500 word maximum)

Questions for Recommenders

Please describe your relationship to the applicant, and describe the circumstances under which you have known the applicant.
What do you consider the applicant’s primary talents or strengths?
In what areas does the applicant need improvement or growth? How would you describe the applicant’s insight into these areas?
How do the applicant’s personal or professional characteristics stand out positively or negatively from others who are in a similar capacity?
What one quality of the applicant do you wish all of your staff possessed?
If you could change one thing about the applicant, what would it be?
Please feel free to provide any other information you think is relevant to our evaluation.


________________________________
________________________________

NYU STERN

International applicants: You are encouraged to apply by the November 15 deadline to facilitate visa arrangements and to have priority consideration for off-site interviews, if desired. You may also apply for the January 15 and March 15 deadlines.
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/AcademicPrograms/FullTime/Admissions/DeadlinesAndProcess/index.htm

Essays: Please note the following details when completing the Essays section of the online application.

The following essay questions give you the opportunity to more fully present yourself to the Admissions Committee and to provide insight into your experiences, goals and thought processes. Your essays should be written entirely by you. An offer of admission will be revoked if you did not write your essays. Please note the following:

Essays 1, 2 and 4 must be typed and submitted using the standard U.S. 8 1/2” x 11” format, double-spaced, in 12-point font.
Please adhere to the essay word limits provided for each question.
Word limits apply to the total question. For example, your response to Essay 1 should answer part (a), part (b) and part (c) with a total maximum of 750 words.
Label the top of each essay with the following: Name, Date of Birth (month, day, year), Essay Number and Page Number (e.g.: Joe Applicant, January 1, 1983, Essay 1, Page 1) 

Essay 1

Professional Aspirations
(750 word maximum, double-spaced, 12-point font)

Think about the decisions you have made in your life. Answer the following:

(a) What choices have you made that led you to your current position?
(b) Why pursue an MBA at this point in your life?
(c) What is your career goal upon graduation from NYU Stern? What is your long-term career goal?

Admissions Tips:

Listen to our podcast: Essays.
Proofread your essays carefully.
Make sure you have fully answered the essay questions.
Be genuine in your essays - tell us about the real you.
Follow the essay instructions, including word limits and font size.

Essay 2

Your Stern Experience
(500 word maximum, double-spaced, 12-point font)

We take great care to shape the Stern community with individuals who possess both intellectual and interpersonal strengths. We seek individuals who are highly intelligent, collaborative and committed to flourishing as Stern leaders. Please answer the following questions:

(a) What is your personal experience with the Stern community? Tell us what actions you have taken to learn about us.
(b) Describe what most excites you about Stern from both an academic and extracurricular perspective.
(c) How do you anticipate making your mark on the Stern community? Be specific about the roles you will take on and the impact you hope to achieve.

Admissions Tip: To see if Stern is a fit for you, come visit us in New York City or at one of our events around the world.

Essay 3

Personal Expression
Please describe yourself to your MBA classmates. You may use almost any method to convey your message (e.g. words, illustrations). Feel free to be creative.

If you will submit Essay 3 via mail or by providing an online link, please provide a brief description of your submission and its relevance to your MBA application.
Please note the following guidelines and restrictions:
Your submission becomes the property of NYU Stern and cannot be returned for any reason.
If you submit a written essay, it should be 500 words maximum, double-spaced, 12-point font.
If you have a multimedia submission, you may:

Mail a CD, DVD or USB flash drive.
Include an online link in your submission description.

The Admissions Committee reserves the right to request an alternate Essay 3 if we are unable to view your submission.
Do not submit anything perishable (e.g. food).
Mailed materials must be postmarked by the deadline date.
Admissions Tip: Listen to Isser Gallogly, Executive Director of MBA Admissions, discuss Essay 3 on Public Radio's "Marketplace". (Please note that we have updated Essay 3 size restrictions and multimedia submissions including CDs, DVDs, USB flash drives and online links are now accepted.)
Essay 4. Additional Information (optional)Please provide any additional information that you would like to bring to the attention of the Admissions Committee. This may include current or past gaps in employment, further explanation of your undergraduate record or self-reported academic transcript(s), plans to retake the GMAT, GRE and/or TOEFL or any other relevant information.

If you are unable to submit a recommendation from your current supervisor, you must explain your reason in Essay 4.
If you are a re-applicant from last year, please explain how your candidacy has improved since your last application.

If you are applying to a dual degree program, please explain your decision to pursue a dual degree.

Uploading FormatsYou may upload documents into the online application in the following formats: word, excel, PDF, .txt, .rft and .wpd.
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/AcademicPrograms/FullTime/Admissions/ApplicationInstructions/Essays/index.htm

Questions for Recommenders

How long have you known the applicant and in what capacity? (1000 characters)
What do you consider the applicant’s strengths? (3000 characters)
In which areas could the applicant exhibit growth or improvement? (3000 characters)
How would you describe the applicant’s interpersonal skills? (1000 characters)

________________________________
________________________________

STANFORD GSB

Submit your application by 06 Jan 2011
Applications are due by 5:00 PM, Pacific Time
We will notify you on 30 Mar 2011
http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/mba/admission/application_deadlines.html
 YouTube video - Stanford GSB admissions trends http://bit.ly/cZPW5f

Essays
We read your essays to get to know you as a person and to learn about the ideas and interests that motivate you.
In other parts of the application, we learn about your academic and professional accomplishments (i.e., what you have done). Through your personal essays (Essays 1 and 2), we learn more about the person behind the achievements (i.e., who you are).
Because we want to discover who you are, resist the urge to "package" yourself in order to come across in a way you think Stanford wants. Such attempts simply blur our understanding of who you are and what you can accomplish. Tell us in your own words who you really are.
We want to hear your genuine voice throughout the essays that you write and this is the time to think carefully about your values, your passions, your hopes and dreams.
In your short answer responses (Essay 3, options A, B, C, or D), we learn more about the experiences that have shaped your attitudes, behaviors, and aspirations.
Truly, the most impressive essays are those that do not begin with the goal of impressing us.
Essay Questions for Class of 2013
(entering Fall 2011)
Tell us in your own words who you really are. Answer essay questions 1, 2, and two of the four options for essay 3.

Essay Question 1

What matters most to you, and why?

The best examples of Essay 1 reflect the process of self-examination that you have undertaken to write them.
They give us a vivid and genuine image of who you are—and they also convey how you became the person you are.
They do not focus merely on what you've done or accomplished. Instead, they share with us the values, experiences, and lessons that have shaped your perspectives.
They are written from the heart and address not only a person, situation, or event, but also how that person, situation, or event has influenced your life.

Essay Question 2

What are your career aspirations? What do you need to learn at Stanford to achieve them?

Use this essay to explain your view of your future, not to repeat accomplishments from your past.
You should address three distinct topics:
your career aspirations
the role of an MBA education in achieving those aspirations
and your rationale for earning that MBA at Stanford, in particular.
The best examples of Essay 2 express your passions or focused interests; explain why you have decided to pursue graduate education in management; and demonstrate your desire to take advantage of the opportunities that are distinctive to the Stanford MBA Program.

Essay Question 3

Answer two of the four questions below. Tell us not only what you did but also how you did it. What was the outcome? How did people respond? Only describe experiences that have occurred during the last three years.

Option A: Tell us about a time when you built or developed a team whose performance exceeded expectations.
Option B: Tell us about a time when you made a lasting impact on your organization.
Option C: Tell us about a time when you generated support from others for an idea or initiative.
Option D: Tell us about a time when you went beyond what was defined, established, or expected.

Essay Length
Your answers for all of the essay questions cannot exceed 1,800 words.
You have your own story to tell, so please allocate the 1,800 words among all of the essays in the way that is most effective for you. We provide some guidelines below as a starting point, but you should feel comfortable to write as much or as little as you like on any essay question, as long as you do not exceed 1,800 words total.

Essay 1: 750 words
Essay 2: 450 words
Essay 3: 300 words each

Formatting
Use a 12-point font, double spaced
Recommended fonts are Arial, Courier, and Times New Roman
Indicate which essay question you are answering at the beginning of each essay
Number all pages
Upload all four essays as one document
Preview the uploaded document to ensure that the formatting is true to the original
Save a copy of your essays

Editing Your Essays
Begin work on these essays early, to give yourself time to reflect, write, and edit.
Feel free to ask your friends or family members to provide constructive feedback. When you ask for feedback, ask if the essays' tone sounds like your voice. It should. Your family and friends know you better than anyone else. If they do not believe that the essays capture who you are, how you live, what you believe, and what you aspire to do, then surely the Committee on Admissions will be unable to recognize what is most distinctive about you.
There is a big difference, however, between 'feedback' and 'coaching.' There are few hard and fast rules, but you cross a line when any part of the application (excluding the Letters of Reference) ceases to be exclusively yours in either thought or word.
Appropriate feedback occurs when you show someone your completed application, perhaps one or two times, and are apprised of errors or omissions.
In contrast, inappropriate coaching occurs when your application or your self-presentation is colored by someone else.
You best serve your own interests when your personal thoughts, individual voice, and unique style remain intact at the end of your editing process.
It is improper and a violation of the spirit of the Fundamental Standard and Honor Code to have someone else write any part of your Stanford MBA Program application. Such an act will result in denial of your application or withdrawal of your offer of admission.

Additional Information
If there is any other information that is critical for us to know and is not captured elsewhere, please include it in this section of your application. Examples of pertinent additional information include:
Extenuating circumstances affecting academic or work performance
Explanation of why you do not have a Letter of Reference from your current direct supervisor or peer
Explanation of criminal conviction, criminal charges sustained against you in a juvenile proceeding, and/or court supervised probation
Explanation of academic suspension or expulsion
Any other information that you did not have sufficient space to complete in another section of the application (please begin the information in the appropriate section)
Additional work experience that cannot fit into the space provided
Additional information about your academic experience (e.g., independent research) not noted elsewhere

http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/mba/admission/essays.html
 http://bit.ly/Stanford2010-11

Top 8 Mistakes Applicants Make on Their Essays
Many of you have started work on your essays so we wanted to share the top 8 mistakes applicants make on their essays:

1. Not making Essay B specific to the GSB.
2. Choosing a topic for Essay 3A, B, C, or D that is NOT within 3 years.
3. Combining your 2 essay C's into 1 essay.
4. Cutting and pasting your essays from essays you've written for other schools. You risk not answering the question we're asking...and big risk of leaving the name of the other school in your Stanford essay!
5. Writing what you think we want to hear, instead of what you genuinely want us to know about you. Be yourself...corny but true!
6. Single-spacing your essays. Please double space--our readers are reading hundreds of applications.
7. Using too small of a font on your essays. Please use 12-point font. Remember, our readers' eyes!
8. Using an alternate font for essays. Use one of the recommended fonts: Arial, Courier, and Times New Roman to avoid legibility problems when your essays are downloaded on our end.
For more information about the essay questions for the class entering fall 2011 visit Essays
Good luck with your essays,
Allison Davis
Associate Director of MBA Admissions
Posted by Rita Winkler on 7 July 2010 | Permalink

Adam's analysis

Stanford GSB MBA Essay Questions for 2010/2011

This is the first of five posts analyzing the Stanford GSB MBA Essay Questions for 2010/2011 Admission. It provides an overall perspective on applying to Stanford GSB. The second post is on Essay 1. The third post is on Essay 2. The forth post is on Essay 3. The fifth post is on additional information, resume, employment history, and activities. My analysis of Stanford GSB interviews can be found here.
In this post I provide some overall comments about the essay set for admission to the Class of 2013, an analysis of the centrality of demonstrating leadership potential for admission to Stanford GSB, and some suggestions for how to proceed in order to put together a great application for Stanford GSB.
ESSAYS:
Here are the complete essays and instructions from the Stanford GSB website (SORRY THIS IS LONG):

"Tell us in your own words who you really are. Answer essay questions 1, 2, and two of the four options for essay 3.
Essay 1: What matters most to you, and why?
The best examples of Essay 1 reflect the process of self-examination that you have undertaken to write them.
They give us a vivid and genuine image of who you are—and they also convey how you became the person you are.
They do not focus merely on what you've done or accomplished. Instead, they share with us the values, experiences, and lessons that have shaped your perspectives.
They are written from the heart and address not only a person, situation, or event, but also how that person, situation, or event has influenced your life.
Essay 2: What are your career aspirations? What do you need to learn at Stanford to achieve them?
Use this essay to explain your view of your future, not to repeat accomplishments from your past.
You should address three distinct topics:
your career aspirations
the role of an MBA education in achieving those aspirations
and your rationale for earning that MBA at Stanford, in particular.
The best examples of Essay 2 express your passions or focused interests; explain why you have decided to pursue graduate education in management; and demonstrate your desire to take advantage of the opportunities that are distinctive to the Stanford MBA Program.
Essay 3: Answer two of the four questions below. Tell us not only what you did but also how you did it. What was the outcome? How did people respond? Only describe experiences that have occurred during the last three years.
Option A: Tell us about a time when you built or developed a team whose performance exceeded expectations.
Option B: Tell us about a time when you made a lasting impact on your organization.
Option C: Tell us about a time when you generated support from others for an idea or initiative.
Option D: Tell us about a time when you went beyond what was defined, established, or expected
Essay Length
Your answers for all of the essay questions cannot exceed 1,800 words.
You have your own story to tell, so please allocate the 1,800 words among all of the essays in the way that is most effective for you. We provide some guidelines below as a starting point, but you should feel comfortable to write as much or as little as you like on any essay question, as long as you do not exceed 1,800 words total.
Essay 1: 750 words
Essay 2: 450 words
Essay 3: 300 words each
Formatting
Use a 12-point font, double spaced
Recommended fonts are Arial, Courier, and Times New Roman
Indicate which essay question you are answering at the beginning of each essay
Number all pages
Upload all four essays as one document
Preview the uploaded document to ensure that the formatting is true to the original
Save a copy of your essays
Editing Your Essays
Begin work on these essays early, to give yourself time to reflect, write, and edit.
Feel free to ask your friends or family members to provide constructive feedback. When you ask for feedback, ask if the essays' tone sounds like your voice. It should. Your family and friends know you better than anyone else. If they do not believe that the essays capture who you are, how you live, what you believe, and what you aspire to do, then surely the Committee on Admissions will be unable to recognize what is most distinctive about you.
There is a big difference, however, between 'feedback' and 'coaching.' There are few hard and fast rules, but you cross a line when any part of the application (excluding the Letters of Reference) ceases to be exclusively yours in either thought or word.
Appropriate feedback occurs when you show someone your completed application, perhaps one or two times, and are apprised of errors or omissions.
In contrast, inappropriate coaching occurs when your application or your self-presentation is colored by someone else.
You best serve your own interests when your personal thoughts, individual voice, and unique style remain intact at the end of your editing process.
It is improper and a violation of the spirit of the Fundamental Standard and Honor Code to have someone else write any part of your Stanford MBA Program application. Such an act will result in denial of your application or withdrawal of your offer of admission.
Additional Information
If there is any other information that is critical for us to know and is not captured elsewhere, please include it. Examples of pertinent additional information include:
Extenuating circumstances affecting academic or work performance
Explanation of why you do not have a Letter of Reference from your current direct supervisor or peer
Explanation of criminal conviction, criminal charges sustained against you in a juvenile proceeding, and/or court-supervised probation
Explanation of academic suspension or expulsion
Any other information that you did not have sufficient space to complete in another section of the application (please begin the information in the appropriate section)
Additional work experience that cannot fit into the space provided
Additional information about your academic experience (e.g., independent research) not noted elsewhere."

I know that was long, but I think it is really important to actually read the whole thing. Especially note the three year limit on Essay 3 topics and the fact that you can decide how to divide your 1800 words amongst the four essays. The rest of this post consists of my general comments on Stanford GSB and writing the essays. Specific essay questions are analyzed in the rest of this series.

CHANGES SINCE LAST YEAR

Except for slight changes in the wording of Essay 2 and Essay 3 Option C, this essay set is unchanged.

THE FIRST YEAR CURRICULUM: HARD

Consider what my former client, a member of the Class of 2010, said in an in an interview with me:
Adam: How hard was the first year?
Yukihiro: The first year in GSB was very tough! Especially in the first quarter, students must prepare hard for each class and deal with tons of readings and assignments. Actually, if there is one thing I have to complain about the program, it is that there is a risk that the understanding about each subject might be become halfway due to the lack of time. Even American students said the first quarter was very tough. Also, there are a lot of parties, networking and recruiting events in MBA. The students must manage their time efficiently to tackle the academic requirements.
When I visited GSB in May 2010, I had the opportunity to meet with Yukihiro as well as a former client who is a member of the Class of 2011, both expressed that the program was challenging. 
Please see my recent interview with a member of the Class of 2011 as he also discusses this issue.
Stanford has been very clear about the difficulty of the program. Consider the following excerpt from the "Student Perspective" provided by Karen Hart, Class of 2009, found on the Stanford GSB curriculum page of the website:
Former Goldman Sachs banker Karen Hart says she appreciates the new curriculum's emphasis on globalization and managing in a global environment.... Although the workload can be challenging—at the beginning of the term she was spending up to 60 hours a week on class preparation and now averages 30-40 hours a week on academics outside class—Karen remains pleased at the ongoing level of collaboration among students.
Now if Karen was doing 60 hours per week when the program commenced and now is doing 30-40 hours of academic work per week, what about students whose first language is not English?
The new curriculum that commenced in Fall 2007 is clearly no piece of cake and anyone who thinks that Stanford GSB will be easier than schools that are well know for being tough, like HBS and Darden, is likely to be in for a surprise.
THE CENTRAL ROLE OF LEADERSHIP AT STANFORD
Another consideration is that in the past, Stanford has clearly not been so closely associated with a leadership-focused education. Whether this is true or not is another issue, but it certainly has been the case that HBS has been much more clearly associated with a leadership-focused education. At this point, I would not consider such a dichotomy to be particularly useful. Consider what Stanford says about the first quarter, Management perspectives curriculum:

Through your first quarter Management Perspectives courses, you will examine questions that transcend any single function or discipline of management such as:

What responsibilities does a corporation have to society?
What do markets do well, and what do they do poorly?
What are the costs and benefits of commitment?

You will begin to understand the larger context of management and recognize deficiencies in your own knowledge that you will fill with Management Foundations classes in your second and third quarters.

Right from the start, you also will focus on developing your leadership style and honing your skills of oral and written persuasion.

Compare this to how HBS describes its Required Curriculum:
HBS's MBA curriculum includes a range of exciting courses and is frequently refreshed with new content. The goal is to give students a firm grasp of broad-based fundamentals. The School's inductive learning model goes beyond facts and theories—a process that teaches individuals not only how to manage organizations, but also how to continually grow and learn throughout life.
Now I will not deny that there are significant differences in the use of learning methods, culture, and the overall structure of these two programs, but are the expected learning outcomes different? If the objective is to teach individuals how to be global leaders who can change and grow overtime, the answer is "No." Maybe this comes as no surprise to the reader, but I do point it so that no one thinks leadership matters less at Stanford than it does at HBS.
STANFORD IS LOOKING FOR LEADERS
A blog post by Kirsten Moss, Stanford GSB's Director of Evaluation, indicates the extent to which there is a focus on finding students who demonstrate leadership potential (this post also includes the full set of questions and Moss's comments in regards to them, so I have reprinted most of it):
This year's essay and recommendation questions are really the result of a journey that began over three years ago. Derrick Bolton, the Director of MBA Admissions, and I worked with experts in the field of leadership assessment from all over the world. We wanted to develop a set of questions that would stand the test of time--that would effectively elicit only the information most critical to our assessment criteria.

The 2008/2009 questions have changed little from last year; based on our satisfaction with the thousands of essay responses we read last year, we only made slight refinements.

Let me summarize why each of them is meaningful to our committee:

Essay A [WHAT IS NOW ESSAY 1]: What matters most to you and why?
This question helps us learn about your ideals and values. They set the context for how you see the world. They are your guideposts when you make any decision from what type of job you pursue to what type of culture you will create in leading an organization.

Essay B [Now 2]: What are your career aspirations? How will your education at Stanford help you achieve them?
This question helps us understand your professional dreams and from where your passion comes to achieve them. We also get a glimpse of what skills or knowledge you think you need to develop to reach them.....

We all have important stories to tell. We want to share moments when we have achieved great things or helped to shape the world around us. Essay C [Now 3] lists four potential questions (or prompts) to help you identify which are the two most important stories you have to tell us. The prompts themselves are not as important as the stories that they bring to the surface.

Good luck completing your application this year. I hope my "confessions" have given you a little more insight into the journey you are about to begin.

Moss's "confession" makes it very clear that rather than having completely open-ended criteria about who will fit at Stanford, the admissions committee is specifically looking to admit applicants who can (ESSAY 1) express values and ideals that will guide them as leaders and/or decision makers, (ESSAY 2) express why their professional goals require a Stanford MBA education, and (ESSAY 3) clearly demonstrate leadership potential. In one way, these criteria are not new because demonstrating leadership potential was always a consideration, but for me, as someone who has had clients admitted to Stanford in the Classes of  2012 (click here for a testimonial by one of the two clients I worked with who will going to Stanford GSB.  A third client was admitted to Stanford Sloan Masters), 2011(click here for my client's testimonial), 2010 (click here for my client's testimonial), 2008 (Click here for my client's recommendation on LinkedIn, but you have to join LinkedIn to see it), 2007, 2006, and 2005, the clear focus on leadership represents a significant change. (I also had additional clients who were interviewed for the classes of 2011, 2009 and 2007, but not admitted.)

STANFORD IS LOOKING FOR HONESTY
On the other hand, one thing that has not changed is that the applicants I have worked with who have gotten interviewed and/or admitted, wrote their own essays and were honest in their presentations of themselves. In my analysis of Essay 1, I will discuss the critical importance of providing honest answers to Stanford's questions, but the following comments from Derrick Bolton apply to the essay set as a whole:

Please think of the Stanford essays as conversations on paper—when we read files, we feel that we meet people, also known as our "flat friends"—and tell us your story in a natural, genuine way.
Our goal is to understand what motivates you and how you have become the person you are today. In addition, we’re interested in what kind of person you wish the Stanford MBA Program to help you become.
Reflective, insightful essays help us envision the individual behind all of the experiences and accomplishments that we read about elsewhere in your application.

I can confirm that what has always made a winning set of essays for Stanford is the ability to commit to making an honest and insightful presentation of yourself. Based on my experience I can say the following are not effective:
1. Over-marketing: While I believe in the value of the marketing metaphor to some degree, I also believe you have to be able to understand that a crude, over-determined approach to doing so will not work here (For more about this, click here). If you are not real, you fail as one of Derrick Bolton's "flat friends."
2. Not writing your own essays. If your essays are not written in your own voice and don't reflect your English ability, don't expect to make it past Derrick Bolton's team. Their position is quite clear:
Begin work on these essays early, and feel free to ask your friends and family members to provide constructive feedback. When you ask for feedback, ask if the essay’s tone sounds like your voice. It should. Your family and friends know you better than anyone else. If they do not believe that your essays capture who you are, how you live, what you believe, and what you aspire to do, then surely the Committee on Admissions will be unable to recognize what is most distinctive about you.
However, there is a big difference between "feedback" and "coaching." There are few hard and fast rules, but you cross a line when a piece of the application ceases to be exclusively yours in either thought or word (excluding the letter of reference, which should be exclusively the recommender’s in thought and word).
Appropriate feedback occurs when you show someone your completed application, perhaps one or two times, and are apprised of errors or omissions. In contrast, inappropriate coaching occurs when either your essays or your entire self-presentation is colored by someone else. You best serve your own interests when your personal thoughts, individual voice, and unique style remain intact at the end of your editing process.
The above sounds very good in theory. If you have a friend or family member who can act as mentor in the way Stanford suggests, that is great. As I have discussed elsewhere in a series of posts on mentors, admission consultants, editors, and ghostwriters, such unpaid advisors are indeed valuable. However many applicants may very well find that they have no one around them who can provide such advice and Stanford's position does not account for that. Also the dichotomy between "coaching" and "feedback" is simply false because coaching is about feedback. What I find particularly ironic about Bolton's position on this issue is that Stanford GSB provides extensive career coaching to its students through the Career Management Center (CMC):
Personal advising and support—with only 360 students per class, the CMC staff works directly with you on your interests and goals.
Self-assessment—help with identifying and leveraging your strengths, as well as direction for skill development, if needed.
Resume and cover letter preparation—CMC staff can assist you with developing personal marketing tools that will stand out above the clutter, emphasize your abilities, and target your specific goals.
Mock interviews—role-playing and practice interviews enable you to gain confidence, hone your responses, and think on your feet.
It seems as though Stanford has two different standards for coaching: Stanford claims admissions consulting is bad because it helps applicants get into Stanford, but Stanford career consulting is good because it helps Stanford students get jobs. The services that Stanford offers to its students are the ones I and other ethical admissions consultants offer to their clients. The type of service I provide falls within Stanford's notions of the acceptable, though they would call it "coaching." There are other admissions consultants who will provide rewriting and ghostwriting, but I don't suggest using them if you want to go to Stanford or other top schools. Whoever assists you had better be able to make sure that their feedback helps you to best present yourself authentically.
IS STANFORD RIGHT FOR YOU?
Stanford really does provide great advice about both the Stanford GSB essays and about how to handle your applications. Review the curriculum, the school's mission statement, and the vast online resources (including a blog, podcasts, and "Myth Busters" ) that admissions provides to make this determination. Don't make assumptions about what Stanford GSB is or based on what someone told you it is. Instead, make that determination yourself after sufficient research. If you are thinking about Stanford GSB and have not yet attended one of their Outreach Events, I suggest doing so if you can. Visiting when school is in session is ideal.
SHOULD I WRITE ESSAY 1 OR 2 OR 3 FIRST?
Applicants often ask me this question.
I think it is important that your goals, Essay 2, be clearly established first. If you think about it, what matters to you most (Essay 1) must be consistent with and complimentary to your goals. As far as Essay 3 goes, the potential you show through the skills and values that you demonstrate in Essay 3 must also support the goals you write about in Essay 2. Therefore start with Essay 2.
As to whether you should then do 1 or 3, chances are, if you have written a bunch of essays for other schools first, that you have multiple options for Essay 3, but don't make any final decisions on Essay 3 until you write Essay 1 because you might very well find that a particular story that is ideal for Essay 1 was one you were considering for Essay 3. Use your best examples to support what you say matters to you most because you should try to make your answer to Essay 1, the only truly Stanford specific question, as strong as possible.

CONCLUSION
Getting into Stanford GSB is simply harder than getting into any other MBA program, but if it is where you want to go and if you think you fit there, commit to putting a significant amount of time into making a great application.
http://adam-markus.blogspot.com/2010/06/stanford-gsb-mba-essay-questions-for.html

Stanford GSB Essay 1: What matters most to you, and why?

This is the second of five posts analyzing the Stanford GSB MBA Essay Questions for 2010/2011 Admission. The first post provides an overall perspective on applying to Stanford GSB. The third post is on Essay 2. The forth post is on Essay 3. The fifth post is on additional information, resume, employment history, and activities. My analysis of Stanford GSB interviews can be found here.
A SIMPLE QUESTION
Essay 1: What matters most to you, and why?
From my experience, most successful applicants to Stanford write essays for at least one or two other schools first. While they are doing those other schools, they have already started THINKING about Essay 1. Which raises the following question:
WHERE DO SUCCESSFUL ANSWERS TO ESSAY 1 COME FROM?
In my experience answers to this question that result in acceptance, come from the HEART and the HEAD. The two combined will allow you to tell your story about what matters most. GSB's Admission Director, Derrick Bolton, makes this very clear in his advice regarding the question:
In the first essay, tell a story—and tell a story that only you can tell.
This essay should be descriptive and told in a straightforward and sincere way. This probably sounds strange, since these are essays for business school, but we don’t expect to hear about your business experience in this essay (though, of course, you are free to write about whatever you would like).
Remember that we have your entire application—work history, letters of reference, short-answer responses, etc.—to learn what you have accomplished and the type of impact you have made. Your task in this first essay is to connect the people, situations, and events in your life with the values you adhere to and the choices you have made. This essay gives you a terrific opportunity to learn about yourself!
Many good essays describe the "what," but great essays move to the next order and describe how and why these "whats" have influenced your life.
The most common mistake applicants make is spending too much time describing the "what" and not enough time describing how and why these guiding forces have shaped your behavior, attitudes, and objectives in your personal and professional lives.
While you will need to consider the leadership implications of what matters most to you, as I suggested in my first post in this series, I suggest beginning with no fixed assumptions about what Stanford wants here. One of the easiest ways to write a bad version of Essay 1 is to have a theme that does not directly relate to your actual experience: Round pegs do not fit into square holes.
HEART: The admits I worked with found what matters most to them by looking inside of themselves and finding something essential about who they are. No one is reducible to a core single concept, a single motivation, or any other sort of singularity, but certain things do make each of us tick. Beyond the most basic things of survival, what motivates you? What do you live for? What do you care about? How do you relate to other people? Are you driven by a particular idea or issue? Where do you find meaning?
HEAD: Once you think you have identified that essential thing that matters most to you, begin analyzing it. What is its source? WHY does it remain important to you? HOW?
The heart will tell what it is, but the head must explain it. From my perspective, great answers to this question combine a very strong analytical foundation-A FULL ANSWER TO WHY AND HOW IS MANDATORY- and specific examples. Avoid the common mistake that Derrick Bolton mentions above of ignoring the "Why?" and the "How?" by focusing too much on the "What?"
If you are having difficulty answering Essay 1 to your own satisfaction, I have few suggestions:
1. Write some other schools essays first. In the process of doing so, you may discover the answer. This has worked for a number of my clients.
2. Stanford admissions repeatedly emphasizes that there is no one right answer. Some applicants become paralyzed because they want THE RIGHT MESSAGE. You need to fully account for who you are and what you have done, but should not try to overly sell yourself to Stanford because that is simply at odds with the way in which the school selects candidates. Therefore don't focus on finding THE RIGHT MESSAGE, instead be honest and give an answer that is real.
If you are having some more fundamental difficulties with this question, one book I suggest taking a look at is Victor Frankl's Man's Search for Meaning. This classic is worth a look for anyone who is thinking about what their life is about. Frankl makes us think about meaning from the most extreme of perspectives, inside a concentration camp, and in the process helps us to understand that meaning itself is deeply tied to our own survival. If you need to engage in some self-reflection, Frankl’s book is one place to start. I might also suggest reading Plato or doing some mediation, but in my experience those take more time and Frankl's book has the advantage of being short, inexpensive, available at many libraries, and has been translated from the original German into twenty-two languages.
3. The answer may be real, but is it a good one? If you are not sure, look critically at Stanford GSB's mission statement:
Our mission is to create ideas that deepen and advance our understanding of management and with those ideas to develop innovative, principled, and insightful leaders who change the world.
Does what matters most to you fit within this mission? Think about this statement in the widest possible way. Given the small class size and the highly collaborative nature of the program, admissions will only be doing its job right if they select students who fit into Stanford GSB's mission. As I stated in the first post in this series, Stanford is looking for leaders, but leaders come in many forms and the values and ideals that inform them vary greatly. In my experience, Stanford highly values "Thought Leaders" as well as those who demonstrate more standard forms of leadership. If what matters most to you is something that admissions can clearly connect to informing your ideals as a leader than you are on the way to forming an effective answer to what is Stanford's most unique essay question. 
3. MAKE A CHOICE!
All successful versions of this essay that I have read involve making a choice. That is to say, you must actually clearly indicate something that matters most. As someone who is frequently contacted by those who have failed to obtain admission to Stanford and want to know why, I often find that they don't make this choice. Their "what matters most" lacks clarity and unity. Make a clear choice and really explore it. This will best reveal your self-awareness and your passion.

http://adam-markus.blogspot.com/2010/06/stanford-gsb-essay-1-what-matters-most.html

Stanford GSB Essay 2: What are your career aspirations? What do you need to learn at Stanford to achieve them?

This is the third of five posts analyzing the Stanford GSB MBA Essay Questions for 2010/2011 Admission. The first post provides an overall perspective on applying to Stanford GSB. The second post is on Essay 1. The forth post is on Essay 3. The fifth post is on additional information, resume, employment history, and activities. My analysis of Stanford GSB interviews can be found here.

Unlike Essay 1, which is a question specific to Stanford, Essay 2 appears to be a fairly standard education and career goals essay:
Essay 2: What are your career aspirations? What do you need to learn at Stanford to achieve them?
FROM "HELP" TO "LEARN"
The big change in wording here was that Stanford changed the wording from "What are your career aspirations? How will your education at Stanford help you achieve them?" to "What are your career aspirations? What do you need to learn at Stanford to achieve them?"  This is not a big change and frankly does not alter my analysis because it simply is a more precise and powerful  way of saying the same thing.
Commenting on Essay 2, Eric Abrams, at the Stanford GSB presentation in 2007 in Tokyo, said to think beyond goals. He suggested thinking of aspirations in terms of the following question: "What do you hope to become?" Given the amount of personal attention you will receive, how will you leverage that attention and your opportunities at Stanford GSB to become as Abrams said, "your best self."
Before reading the rest of the post, you might want to take a look at an interview I conducted with a member of the Class of 2010 as a number of his comments relate directly to Essay 2. Those who read Japanese should also take a look at the blog  sutebuu survival@Stanford GSB by a member of the Class of 2011, which provides insights into the curriculum and other aspects of life at Stanford. You can find my interview with "Sutebuu" here. Japanese applicants should also see http://stanfordmba-lawyer.blogspot.com/.
THIS IS A FUTURE DIRECTED QUESTION
Unlike some other "Why MBA" questions, Stanford is not asking about the past. You will write about that in the other essays. Instead focus not just on your goals, but on your mission. How will you make a difference and how can Stanford GSB help you do that?
You need to be ambitious. Simply stating what your goals are and why Stanford is the best place for you to accomplish them is not exactly what you need here. Instead, you need to articulate a vision related to your goals and a vision that is connected to Stanford's mission to train global leaders.
ARE YOUR GOALS HOT?
Making career goals exciting requires thinking about whether your goals are compelling. Admissions committees ask applicants to write about their goals after graduate school, but can applicants actually know what will be on the cutting-edge in two or three years? While many applicants will be able to successfully apply with relatively standard goals ("I want to be a consultant because..."), communicating aspirations requires going beyond the typical.
Be informed. Stanford Admissions needs to believe you know what you are talking about. If you are changing careers, no one expects you to be an expert, but you should come across as having a clear plan based on real research into your future. If you are planning on staying in your present industry, you should be well informed not only about the companies you have worked for, but about the industry as a whole. If you are not already doing so, read industry related publications and network.
Those who are changing fields should most certainly read industry related publications in their intended field. I also suggest conducting informational interviews with at least one peer level and one senior level person in that field. Conduct a peer level interview to get a good idea of what it would be like to actually work in that industry. Conduct a senior level interview to get the perspective of someone who can see the big picture and all the little details as well.
Don't know anyone in your intended field? Network! One great way to start is through LinkedIn. Another is by making use of your undergraduate alumni network and/or career center.
LEARN WHAT IS HOT. No matter whether you are changing fields or not, learn what is hot now and try to figure out what will be hot by the time you graduate. Now, of course, this is just a plan and chances are that what is hot in your industry or field now may very well be cold in the future. The point is to come across to Stanford as someone who is not only well informed, but has CUTTING-EDGE knowledge. Some great general sources for learning what is hot:
From the Business Schools: Feed your brain with cutting-edge ideas from the best business schools in the world. Most Stanford GSB faculty research papers are available for free in PDF format on the Stanford GSB website athttps://gsbapps.stanford.edu/researchpapers/. Other great sources of information include Stanford Social Innovation Review, Harvard Working Knowledge, Harvard Business Review, Harvard Business School Publishing, University of Chicago GSB's Working Papers, The University of Chicago's Capital Ideas, Knowledge @ Wharton, and MIT Sloan Management Review.
You may also want to do a search on itunes for podcasts: My favorites are Entrepreneurial Thought Leaders (from the Stanford School of Engineering, but totally relevant to the GSB), Chicago GSB Podcast, Net Impact, and Harvard Business IdeaCast. INSEAD, IMD, LBS, and Wharton also have podcasts.
LinkedIn Answers: I would suggest that everyone join LinkedIn and make use of LinkedIn Answers. LinkedIn Answers is a great way to tap into cutting edge expertise. Follow LinkedIn's rules and you will often be able to obtain excellent information.
Hoovers: For information about specific companies, Hoovers is just a great way to learn about key facts including competitors (a very useful way of knowing who else you might want to work for and to learn about an industry). While primarily focused on the US, Hoovers does have listings for companies worldwide.
Vault: For scope of coverage, this site is a must. Vault includes both career and admissions information. It includes both company specific and industry-wide information.
Other sources: Read magazines, websites, and books that relate to your intended field.
http://adam-markus.blogspot.com/2010/06/stanford-gsb-essay-2-what-are-your.html

DON'T FORGET ABOUT STANFORD!!!!
What do you need to learn at Stanford to achieve them?
Your objective in the essay is demonstrate why you would greatly benefit from a Stanford MBA education. Actually without that, your aspirations will not make sense because you must have aspirations that require Stanford. Assume that for your aspirations to be effective, Stanford admissions has to make the determination that you are someone who will make best use of their resources. Stanford is proud of what they are and what they can offer. They can reject anyone and they do reject a higher percentage of applicants than other schools. Keep in mind what Derrick Bolton, the Director of Admissions, says about Stanford Essay 2:
How do you plan to take advantage of the incredible opportunities at Stanford? How do you envision yourself contributing, growing, and learning here at the Business School? And how will the Stanford experience help you become the person you described in the first part of Essay B [Essay 2]?
One thing I think that separates great versions of Essay 2 (the ones that get applicants an interview) and mediocre versions (the ones that usually don't get applicants an interview) is the extent to which the applicant is able to show that Stanford is not a mere afterthought or an option, but actually a necessity to accomplish one's aspirations. Fully account for that in your essay. Learn as much as you can about the program and think deeply about who it will impact you. Stanford views itself as a change agent. Show in you essay how it will change you.
The writing process: After going through a process of reflection and analysis, prepare a version of Essay 2 that includes everything you want to say. Next begin the process of revision. Here are a few key things to consider when revising:
1. Think about the most important thing you need admissions to know about your aspirations and why Stanford GSB is the best place to prepare you for them. Begin your essay with that. Chances are good that on your initial draft the most important thing is somewhere in the middle or end of your essay.
2. Prioritize the rest of your content: What do they really need to know? Chances are you have lots of details that can be cut.
3. Make a formal argument: Your essay should be neither a set of disembodied points or a summary, instead it should be a formal statement. Effective forms of this statement vary. The important part is that the reader should be able to understand it clearly and be convinced by it.
Finally, once you have put together Essay 2, consider how the rest of your application supports what you say in it. Without over-marketing yourself or even necessarily writing it directly in the essays, make that your other essays and other aspects of your application show how your potential will contribute to your future aspirations.
STANFORD GSB IN A TIME OF CHANGE
Finally, I think it is important to understand that Stanford GSB is going through a process of change. Not just in terms of the new curriculum that was launched beginning with the Class of 2009 (see the first post in this series), but also in terms of "developing new multidisciplinary programs with the seven other schools to help understand issues facing society and to bring about important changes," and the construction of the Knight Management Center, a new campus for GSB, scheduled to open in Academic Year 2010-2011. For more about all of these changes, click here. All these changes will impact those who want to join the Class of 2013.
As I mentioned in the first post in this series, I visited Stanford in May 2010.   I attended a class at the old campus, which is certainly quite nice, but based on looking at the Knight Management Center construction site, it is clear that the Class of 2013 will have a truly phenomenal campus.   
http://adam-markus.blogspot.com/2010/06/stanford-gsb-essay-2-what-are-your.html

Stanford GSB MBA Essay 3 for 2010/2011

This is the forth of five posts analyzing the Stanford GSB MBA Essay Questions for 2010/2011 Admission. The first post provides an overall perspective on applying to Stanford GSB. The second post is on Essay 1. The third post is on Essay 2.  The fifth post is on additional information, resume, employment history, and activities. My analysis of Stanford GSB interviews can be found here.
Four years ago, Stanford introduced behavioral interview-style essay questions. Stanford applicants now have the opportunity to write about their accomplishments, failures, difficulties, impact, and other characteristics. This has made the Stanford Essay Set a more balanced set of questions. If Essay 1 is ultimately about what you value and Essay 2 is about what you want, Essay 3 is about what you can do.
When Stanford GSB started asking behavioral essay questions, it was clear that they had borrowed this from MIT. This distinctive style of question is based on an interview method that I will discuss below. Before reading the rest of this post, I strongly suggest downloading a copy of MIT's excellent guide to behavioral interviews, The MIT Sloan Interview Guide,
The behavioral essay questions that MIT and Stanford ask have their origins in behavioral interviewing. This method is not old (well, at least for me, since I was born in 1968):
“Bill Byham, CEO and founder of Development Dimensions International, originated the behavioral interviewing method in 1970.”
In fact, the STAR technique outlined in MIT’s guide was developed by Byham as THE WAY to answer behavioral questions:
Byham calls an example of past behavior a STAR, because a complete example consists of a situation or task, the specific action you took and the result of your action. The result you describe doesn't have to be positive; it could be that you learned a valuable lesson from doing something the wrong way.
In his book "Landing the Job You Want: How to Have the Best Job Interview of Your Life" (Three Rivers Press, 1997), Byham tells candidates how to identify the skills for a job; explore their own "behavioral dimensions" (the behaviors they use every day to get things done); and recognize and present a STAR with positive impact in an interview.
In addition to the MIT SLOAN Guide, I suggest also taking a look at the slightly different guide to the Star Technique that MIT Career Services provides.
The STAR technique is really the core method you need to use for answering behavioral questions in Stanford's essays. It is simply this (taken from the MIT Sloan Guide):
• Situation: define the situation or “set the stage.”
• Task: identify the task/project performed.
• Action: describe the action you took.
• Result: summarize the outcome
Just keep in mind that you need to be introspective as well, so write what you thought as well as what you did. because reading it first will maximize the value of my comments below.Don’t just present “the facts” but actively interpret your actions. There is really nothing overly complicated about this as long as you understand that you need to tell a DETAILED story. Pure abstractions disconnected from a concrete set of action steps are highly likely to result in a weak answer. Similarly, grand actions not told in any depth are also likely to be weak. Identify specific actions that contributed to the result so as to establish a clear link between cause and effect.
As when answering any kind of question, another important consideration is to think very critically about what your story selection, understanding of the task, actions taken, and results say about you. Keep in mind that the whole point of asking behavioral questions is to determine how someone acts and thinks as a basis for selecting or rejecting that person. It is obviously critical to be aware of your own message.
Before looking at the specific questions, lets look at the instructions:
Essay 3: Answer two of the four questions below. Tell us not only what you did but also how you did it. What was the outcome? How did people respond? Only describe experiences that have occurred during the last three years.
Stanford GSB specifically requires that these experiences come from the last three years. This time constraint is important to keep in mind. One of the easiest ways to trash your application is to ignore this time limit. Essay 3 is the space to focus on the present or recent past.
I will analyze one question at a time, but four things to keep in mind are:
1. You need to show the capacity for analyzing and acting in different ways, so, while both essays should utilize STAR, don’t tell them in the same way. Make sure you are presenting different sides to who you are by telling your stories differently.
2. If at all possible discuss different situations in these essays, not two different stories from the same situation because you are trying present as wide a spectrum of events and qualities about yourself as you can.
3. You should ask yourself “What does this essay reveal about me?” If you can’t answer that clearly, you need to clarify your message. When asking this question, think about both what you intend the reader to think and what you might also be revealing. Control for the possibility of sending out unintended signals. One of the best ways of handling this issue is to have a very careful and intelligent reader review these essays. If you are working with an admissions consultant, they should be able to do this. Getting multiple perspectives on what you wrote will help you better understand your likely impact on an admissions' reader
4. All four options below allow for great variation and the most important thing is to tell the best stories you can:
We all have important stories to tell. We want to share moments when we have achieved great things or helped to shape the world around us. Essay C [Essay 3] lists four potential questions (or prompts) to help you identify which are the two most important stories you have to tell us. The prompts themselves are not as important as the stories that they bring to the surface.
THE OPTIONS ARE ALL ABOUT HAVING AN IMPACT:

Option A: Tell us about a time when you built or developed a team whose performance exceeded expectations.
Option B: Tell us about a time when you made a lasting impact on your organization.
Option C: Tell us about a time when you generated support from others for an idea or initiative.
Option D: Tell us about a time when you went beyond what was defined, established, or expected.

One thing that is common to all four is that you must tell stories that show how you had an impact. Keep in mind what Derrick Bolton has written about this question:
Unlike the two previous essays, in which you are asked to write about your life from a more “global" perspective, these questions ask you to reflect on a specific recent (within the last three years) experience that has made a difference to you and/or the people around you. The best answers will transport us to that moment in time by painting a vivid picture not only of what you did, but also of how you did it. Include details about what you thought and felt during that time and your perceptions about how others responded. From these short-answer responses, we visualize you "in action.
LEADERSHIP IN ACTION STORIES
I have developed the following grid to help you outline leadership stories. The categories this grid employs may go beyond any particular school's essay requirements. Filling it out completely will help you write about your leadership in a way that will convince admissions of your leadership potential.
(PLEASE CHECK ADAM'S BLOG) 

How to use the grid:
1. Decide on a specific story.
2. Identify the most significant things you did in the situation- these are you action steps.
3. For each action step identify:

What skills or qualities you demonstrated to complete this step
The strengths you demonstrated to complete this step
The kind of leadership you demonstrated
What you still need to learn about leadership

4. Think about the results and identify how they relate to your action steps. So at minimum, you should be able to state the impact on others and/or yourself.

5. After completing the chart you will see that some aspects of your action steps may be repeated. If there is a total duplication and nothing new is shown, either you need to redefine the action step or you may decide not to focus on it very much.

6. Once you think you have two to four fully worked-out action steps, write your first draft.

7. Next start re-writing. Eliminate duplicate points made between action steps. Make choices about what parts of each action to step to highlight. Given that there are usually word limits, you will have to make some decisions about what to include.

Simply providing a description of your actions, is not enough. Think about what it signifies about you. Think about what your actions reveal about your leadership potential.

Finally, thinking and writing about leadership is an important part of preparing for interviews because you can be certain that you will have to talk about leadership. So, you might find that the parts of the outline you jettison now will become valuable when you will want to have alternative stories for your Stanford interview.
Specific Comments about each option:
Option A: Tell us about a time when you built or developed a team whose performance exceeded expectations.
Given the word limit here, you really need to be focused on your most important action steps. I also suggest you don't just simply a tell story with the following structure: "I led a team of X people. I told them what needed to be done and they agreed. They did it. The result was..." Not only will this be boring, but it will not really highlight why this story best demonstrates your team leadership skills. It will also fail to answer the last part of the question: You need to show how the team went beyond what was expected. Don't be overly dramatic, but get admissions to understand the significance of what you have done. Don’t feel obligated to provide a work related answer to this question even though you may have developed such an answer for another school. Three questions to think about:
1. What skills or qualities did you demonstrate in the process of building or developing the team?
2. What does this story reveal about the way you interact with organizations and/or individuals?
3. Specifically how did your team exceed expectations? If this is measurable, indicate that as clearly as possible.
Option B: Tell us about a time when you made a lasting impact on your organization.
Leaving a lasting organizational legacy is another way that leaders have impact. If you think something you have done in the last three years will have a lasting impact on your organization, this is a great topic. Clearly indicate what that impact is and how you achieved it. I think it is particularly important to be very clear on why you think the impact you had will become your organizational legacy.
The one difficulty here is that the three-year limit on the topic means that the impact in question will actually not have been in place for very long. I think this is actually a poorly designed question in that regard. I think it could easily become a trap for those trying to fit an older story into the framework. It will no doubt frustrate those who ignore the three-year limit when they begin writing.
If you have the right story this can be a great question to answer.
Option C:  Tell us about a time when you generated support from others for an idea or initiative.
This question has changed from last year's "Tell us about a time when you motivated others to support your vision or initiative." Generating support is a bit wider than just motivating others.  The rewording actually broadens the question.  Unlike Option A, this need not be focused on a team. It is quite possible that the others you  who supported your idea or initiative don't report to you: Colleagues, supervisors, clients, and customers are all possibilities. I imagine this one will be very popular with consultants, analysts, and anyone who leads by their ideas. It is also a great question for those who lead by example. It also an effective for question for those who use strategy to convince others.  You might generate support through negotiating tactics.  You generate support through personal communication that really does motivate someone.  Or you might generate support through eliminating opposition to your position.
Option D: Tell us about a time when you went beyond what was defined, established, or expected.
This question remains unmodified from last year. Actually, I have to say that I love this question. Going beyond something defined, established, or expected may involve breaking the rules. Stanford GSB is place for those who are not traditional and are flexible in their thinking. If you are a maverick, a risk-taker, or simply unconventional in your approach to adding value, this essay option is for you. Show how you alter the very rules of something that you have been a part of and have a positive impact as a result.
IN CONCLUSION
Behavioral questions are not necessarily harder than other types of questions, but they do have their own underlying logic: Past behavior is a guide to future behavior. Keep that in mind, so that Stanford GSB sees what you want them to see and believes in your future potential.

http://adam-markus.blogspot.com/2010/06/stanford-gsb-mba-essay-3-for-20102011.html

Stanford GSB: Additional Info, Resume, Employment History, Activities

This is the fifth of five posts analyzing the Stanford GSB MBA Essay Questions for 2010/2011 Admission. The first post provides an overall perspective on applying to Stanford GSB. The second post is on Essay 1. The third post is on Essay 2. The forth post is on Essay 3.  My analysis of Stanford GSB interviews can be found here.
THINK ABOUT THE REST OF THE APPLICATION
There is nothing more depressing to me than to look at an MBA application that is hastily put together. Worse still if it is for a school that is hard to get into. Worse yet if it is for Stanford, where, under Derrick Bolton, there is a very rigorous approach to application review.
Some people look at application forms as mere forms. I look at them as opportunities to provide admissions with as complete and impressive presentation as one can. The reason admissions made the application was because they need the information to make a decision about you, so don't provide something that is done at the last minute. For a full analysis of an MBA online application, see here.
RESUME and EMPLOYMENT HISTORY:

In this section of the online application, you have an opportunity to describe your full-time and part-time employment history, including your core responsibilities, your most significant challenges, and your greatest accomplishments.

We value diversity of experience in our student body, so no one industry or function or background is preferred over another.

As you approach your MBA application, keep in mind that we are more interested in the impact you have had in your work place than the name or stature of your organization.

Have you made the most of your professional opportunities? Are you cultivating your leadership and team skills and making a difference? We look at your responses in conjunction with your recommendations to create a broad picture of the impact you have had in your work environment(s).

If you have had more than one job, we also ask why you left your previous employer(s). Your response to this question will help us understand your career development and what has motivated your decision making.

We also ask you to report the industry and job function you hope to pursue after you obtain your MBA.

After completing the Employment History section, please upload a current copy of your resume (follow the Application Instructions).

Along with the essays, the resume and Employment History are the most critical documents that you control. Both should present you as effectively and honestly as possible. These two values are not in conflict: Be honest, be thorough, and do not be humble. You are being judged by your professional experience and this is where they get your complete record of it. If you have not done so, I suggest reading Steve Green's post on resumes.
TRANSCRIPTS
At a Stanford presentation in Tokyo back a few years ago, the admissions officer emphasized that the admissions committee closely reads transcripts. While you don't control the content at this point, you have the possibility of impacting how the transcript is interpreted. Scrutinize your own transcript. If your GPA is high, this is easy. You can relax. If on the other hand,your transcript reveals an unimpressive GPA, some very low grades, gaps in study, or anything else that concerns you, you had better figure out how to address in the Additional Information section.
USE IT OR DON'T USE IT, BUT DON'T ABUSE IT:
Additional Information
If there is any other information that is critical for us to know and is not captured elsewhere, include it in this section of your application. Do not include additional essays.
Examples of pertinent additional information include:

Extenuating circumstances affecting academic or work performance.
Explanation of why you do not have a Letter of Reference from your current direct supervisor.
Explanation of criminal conviction, academic suspension or expulsion, and/or failing grades.
Any other information that you did not have sufficient space to complete in another section of the application (begin the information in the appropriate section).
Additional work experience that cannot fit into the space provided.

If you read the above, it should be clear enough that this is the place to explain anything negative or potentially negative in your background or to provide additional information that did not fit in the space provided. DO NOT USE IT FOR ANY OTHER PURPOSE. Yes, you may have written a great essay for Tuck, Wharton, Harvard, Chicago, NYU, MIT, INSEAD, Columbia, or London Business School, but unless your objective is to inform Stanford GSB about that, don't include it here. I don't think the categories above require interpretation as they are clear.
If you really have no explanation for something negative, don't bother writing about it. For example if your GPA is 2.9 and you have no good explanation for why it is 2.9, don't bother writing something that looks like a lame excuse. This is more likely to hurt than help you. In the same vein, don't waste the committee's time telling them that your GMAT is a much better indicator than your GPA (the opposite is also true). They have heard it before and they will look at both scores and can draw their own conclusions without you stating the obvious. That said, if you have a good explanation for a bad GPA, you should most certainly write about it.
ALMOST EVERYONE HAS SOMETHING THEY WANT TO EXPLAIN. It might be small or it might be large, but if you don't give your interpretation of something that may look odd in your application, why assume that someone reviewing it will interpret in a manner favorable to you?   Your objective is to always provide the admissions reader with an interpretation, especially of something you think is relatively obvious and potentially negative.
Activities

We do not expect every applicant to be involved in activities outside the classroom or workplace. If you have been involved in activities, however, this is an excellent way for us to learn more about your interests and experiences.

Please report your activities in order of importance to you, with the most important listed first.
A sustained depth of commitment in one or two activities may demonstrate your passion more than minimal participation in five or six organizations.
Report activities during university/college separately from those after university/college.
Examples of activities in which you are/have been involved may include charitable, civic, community, and professional.
Please avoid using acronyms to describe your activities.

This section is important. Of course, some applicants will not have much here, while others will have a plethora of things to mention. In any case, provide the best answer you can. Use your judgment about what to include. The above instructions make it very clear that Stanford GSB is not looking for quantity. Give them quality and don't mention anything that will show your lack of commitment: If you joined a lot of organizations for a really short time and did nothing, I don't think that it will help you to mention it.
Finally, please keep in mind that there is no perfect applicant, just like there is no perfect human being. If you have had to work 100-plus hours a week since graduating from university and your idea of extracurricular activity is sleep, don't assume that not having any great activities will hurt you. Admissions will evaluate your whole application. I have had the opportunity to work with great applicants who were admitted to Stanford, and I can say none of them were perfect, but what they were able to do was present themselves as honestly and effectively as possible.
http://adam-markus.blogspot.com/2010/06/stanford-gsb-additional-info-resume.html

Questions For Your 2 Professional/Workplace recommenders

Letters of Reference should not exceed 4 pages, double-spaced, using a 12-point font. Recommended fonts are Arial, Courier, and Times New Roman.
Please briefly describe your relationship to the candidate, and describe the circumstances under which you have known her or him.
How does the candidate’s performance compare to other well-qualified individuals in similar roles?
What (if any) legacy has this candidate left on your organization?
Describe the most constructive feedback you have given the candidate. Please also detail the circumstances that caused you to give the feedback.
Is there anything else (positive or negative) we should know about the candidate?

Questions For Your Peer/Team recommender

Letters of Reference should not exceed 4 pages, double-spaced, using a 12-point font. Recommended fonts are Arial, Courier, and Times New Roman.
Please briefly describe your relationship to the candidate, and describe the circumstances under which you have known her or him.
Describe how the candidate has generated support from others for an idea or initiative.
What (if any) lasting impact has this candidate left on your organization?
Describe the most constructive feedback you have given the candidate. Please also detail the circumstances that caused you to give the feedback.
Is there anything else (positive or negative) we should know about the candidate?


________________________________
________________________________

TUCK SCHOOL of BUSINESS at DARTMOUTH

November round

Apply by: 11/10/10 @ 5:00 PM EST
Notified by: 2/4/11

January round

Apply by: 1/3/11 @ 5:00 PM EST
Notified by: 3/18/11

Dartmouth / Tuck Essay Questions 2010-2011
http://bit.ly/Tuck2010-11

After releasing its deadlines earlier this summer, Dartmouth/Tuck has posted its updated essay questions for this year’s admissions season. The essays are as follows:

Essay 1: Why is an MBA a critical next step toward your short- and long-term career goals? Why is Tuck the best MBA program for you? (If you are applying for a joint or dual degree, please explain how the additional degree will contribute to those goals.)

Essay 2: Discuss your most meaningful leadership experience. What did you learn about your own individual strengths and weaknesses through this experience?

Essay 3: What is the greatest challenge or hurdle you have overcome, either personally or professionally, and how did you manage to do so?

Essay 4: Tuck seeks candidates of various backgrounds who can bring new perspectives to our community. How will your unique personal history, values, and/or life experiences contribute to the culture at Tuck?

Applicants should note that although there is no prescribed restriction on the length of the essays, on average most Tuck applicants use 500 words for each response.

For more information, be sure to visit the school’s website.

http://www.tuck.dartmouth.edu/admissions/how_to/index.html
 http://www.tuck.dartmouth.edu/pdf/app_essays.pdf

Clear Admit Dartmouth / Tuck Essay Topic Analysis 2010-2011
http://blog.clearadmit.com/2010/07/dartmouth-tuck-essay-topic-analysis-2010-2011/

Tuck’s essay topics for the coming admissions season maintain the same themes from previous years, suggesting an enduring focus on teamwork, leadership and applicants’ unique characteristics.   While essays 1 and 4 remain the same, essay 2 on leadership has undergone slight revision, and last year’s essay 3 on constructive criticism has been replaced with one on overcoming a challenging experience.

Like last year, the admissions committee does not specify a word or page limit for its essays.  They have hinted, though, that most candidates find 500 words sufficient for each of their responses, so straying far from that number might not be advisable.  They also state that all essays should be double-spaced.

Essay Question 1

Why is an MBA a critical next step toward your short- and long-term career goals? Why is Tuck the best MBA program for you?

This is a rather straightforward career goals essay. The one way that it differs from those of most other schools is that rather than simply inquiring about the basis of an applicant’s interest in the program, Tuck wants to hear the reasons it might be the best of the candidate’s options. Navigating this issue will require a fair amount of research, as it will be important to identify some features that are truly unique to Tuck and very relevant to one’s goals, background and/or interests. This prompt also makes it essential that applicants define their career goals as specifically as possible in order to clearly demonstrate the logical connection between their own interests and goals and the main objectives of Tuck’s program. As is the case with most schools, demonstrating an understanding of the unique merits of Tuck’s program is crucial to an effective response to this question.

Essay Question 2

Discuss your most meaningful leadership experience. What did you learn about your own individual strengths and weaknesses through this experience?

In responding to this question, applicants will need to maintain a balance between the individual and external.  In order to respond to the first part of the prompt, applicants will need to clearly outline the experience, explaining how they led by inspiring others as well as how their efforts affected others and the organization’s bottom line.  In responding to the second part of the prompt, these descriptions will need to be balanced with more reflective observations about the applicant’s own thought process and, in the end, personal development.  While it’s necessary that you discuss your weaknesses as well as your strengths, we encourage all applicants to maintain a positive tone.  One way applicants may do this is by explaining how they have worked to improve their weakness areas since the experience.  The heart of this essay is to show Tuck that you have the ability to lead others, as well as insight into your own leadership abilities and the motivation to improve these skills.

Essay Question 3

What is the greatest challenge or hurdle you have overcome, either personally or professionally, and how did you manage to do so?

Whether the story is from your professional or academic life, the major themes of growth and learning remain the same. After describing the initial challenge in detail, applicants should comment on both their thoughts and actions in response. It’s very important to present both one’s internal and external reactions in creating a full picture for the adcom.

This essay is a good place to highlight instances of resourcefulness and persistence, and provide a comprehensive picture of personal and professional development over the course of the narrative.  Applicants should keep in mind that the adcom will be using their account of their past thoughts and experiences as a barometer to measure their current attitudes and future approaches.  For that reason, it’s important that you avoid using too recent of an example, as this might make it difficult for you to prove that you have learned from the challenge and have put your learnings to use.

Essay Question 4

Tuck seeks candidates of various backgrounds who can bring new perspectives to our community. How will your unique personal history, values, and/or life experiences contribute to the culture at Tuck?

In asking this question, Tuck is trying to understand the potential value of applicants’ knowledge and interests, and also the way they think about the world. Rather than making the common claim that they can bring a unique perspective to the classroom, candidates are encouraged to offer insightful details about what differentiates them from others in the applicant pool. Discussing the way your individual perspectives would affect this close-knit community (in a modest manner, of course) can really bolster your response here, since the adcom is sincerely looking for applicants who will change the program for the better. For that reason, applicants who outline the specific contributions they could make to the Tuck culture, the ways in which they intend to make them, and the reasons they are uniquely equipped to do so, will make a positive and lasting impression on the adcom. Again, this essay will require that applicants have done their “homework,” so to speak, and have researched the various clubs, courses and campus-wide involvements dedicated to promoting the diversity and varying interests present at Tuck. Specifically indicating which of these involvements interest the applicant will go a long way in proving to the adcom one’s ability to make a positive impact on the school community.

Questions for Recommenders

How long have you known the applicant and in what context? Have you served as the applicant's supervisor? If so, please provide approximate dates. Please comment upon the frequency and nature of your interactions with the applicant. 300 words or fewer (2150 character limit)
What are the applicant's three principal strengths? Please provide an example of each. 300 words or fewer (1850 character limit)
In which three areas can the applicant improve? Please provide an example of each. How has the applicant worked to address these areas? 300 words or fewer (3000 character limit)
How does the applicant respond to constructive criticism? 300 words or fewer (3000 character limit)
Please compare the applicant on the scale below with others in his/her peer group you have known during your professional career. Please give examples in the space below to support any Top 5% or Bottom 20% ratings: 3000 character limit

________________________________
________________________________

UC BERKELEY / HAAS MBA

Online Application submitted by: December 2, 2010 or January 20, 2011
Decision posted/ emailed by: March 3, 2011 or April 21, 2011
http://mba.haas.berkeley.edu/admissions/deadlines.html

Application Data Forms

Employment history

List full-time and part-time jobs held during undergraduate or graduate studies, indicating the employer, job title, employment dates, location, and the number of hours worked per week for each position held prior to the completion of your degree. (No limit)

Responsibilities/Key Accomplishments
(Please note: Our online application does not allow you to format the text of your responses. You may copy and paste your responses from a text based application, i.e., Notepad or Microsoft Word. We do not evaluate your responses based on formatting.)

Please list each employer only once, even if you have been promoted or worked in multiple divisions.
(No limit)

Please explain all gaps in your employment since earning your university degree. (No limit)

Recommendation letters

If you have not provided a letter of recommendation from your current supervisor, please explain; otherwise, enter N/A.

Activities during and and college / university studies

List in order of importance all community and professional organizations and extracurricular activities in which you have been involved during or after university studies. Indicate the nature of the activity or organization, dates of involvement, offices held, and average number of hours spent per month. (No limit)

Academics

Please identify the course(s) you have taken or intend to take to demonstrate quantitative proficiency. Provide the course name and institution. Beyond courses, please discuss other ways in which you have demonstrated strong quantitative abilities. (No limit)
If you have ever been subject to academic discipline, placed on probation, suspended or required to withdraw from any college or university, please explain. If not, please enter N/A. (An affirmative response to this question does not automatically disqualify you from admission.)

TEST SCORES

Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT)

Official GMAT results, including the AWA exam, are required of all applicants. All applicants must also provide self-reported scores as part of the application, and your application is evaluated on the basis of your self-reported scores. These are verified later in our process. We will accept official scores from GMATs taken on or after October 1, 2005.

Applicants must make arrangements directly with Pearson Vue to sit for the GMAT or to have results of previous tests forwarded to the Haas School. The Haas School's institution code for Full-time MBA Admissions is N2VPT47.

The computer-adaptive GMAT (GMAT CAT) must be taken by the deadline for the application round you intend to meet, and you must provide self-reported scores when you complete our application. Applicants registering for the paper-based GMAT or other non-standard administrations should schedule their GMAT at least eight weeks before the application deadline for which you are applying so that you may provide a self-reported score in your application. Those who intend to apply from outside the US should arrange a test date as soon as possible. A test date can be arranged at http://www.mba.com/mba.

If you choose to retake the GMAT after the application deadline for the round in which you applied, we will only consider your new score if you request in writing that your application be considered in a later round. This written request must be made at least one week prior to the notification deadline for the round in which you originally applied, and you should include a copy of your preliminary score report with the new scores. For example, if you applied by October 13 for Round One consideration and would like us to consider an improved GMAT score from a test taken as late as our Round Three application deadline, January 20, you must request no later than January 6 (e.g., one week prior to our Round One notification deadline of January 13) that your application be moved from Round One to Round Three. Please note that we will not move your application from one round to another simply because you plan to retake the GMAT; rather, you must have a new GMAT score in hand at the time you make your request. Furthermore, we cannot guarantee that we will consider the results of tests taken after our final application deadline of March 16.

To obtain applications and information regarding the GMAT, visit the Graduate Management Admissions Council web site at http://www.mba.com/mba/takethegmat.

About Haas

VinceTip: Adcoms ask these questions to gather marketing information. Just answer them directly.

How you heard about us: If a source is a person, organization, or other, please describe (i.e., John Smith, Haas alumnus)

Please select institutions to which you are applying for MBA study; control-click to select multiple institutions. (Note that this information is not considered as we make our admissions decisions, but rather is used for statistical/research purposes.)

..... check later for duplication? -Vince Ricci 11/7/10 10:04 PM

Full-time MBA Application: Checklist

Before you submit your application, please print the checklist below and verify that you have completed each of the components. Your application will not be processed until we have received all of these components.

Once you have submitted your application, you will not be able to change it online. Any information not included at the time of submission will need to be mailed, which will delay processing of your application.

Transcripts and any other application materials not submitted online should be sent in one envelope marked "Supplemental Application Materials" to:

Haas School of Business, Full-time MBA Admissions, 430 Student Services Bldg. #1902, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1902

Checklist:

Provide all information requested in Personal Data I/II, Test Scores, Employment History and Educational History.

Complete all required Supplemental Data, Short Answer Questions, and Essays

Provide two Recommendations, which may be submitted in either electronic or printed form.

Provide one transcript from each undergraduate and graduate institution you have attended. Copies may be uploaded or mailed. Official copies must be issued by the school. (If you obtained your degree outside the US, you must also provide degree certificates and translations.)

Provide Test Scores. In addition to self-reporting your scores, you must have your official GMAT (and TOEFL or IELTS if required) scores sent to the Haas School.

Submit a non-refundable application fee in the amount of $200 US by credit card. You may also pay by check or money order payable to the U.C. Regents. Your application will not be processed until your payment has been received.

Submit your current resume or c.v. online, but not in lieu of your responses in the "Employment History" section.

Submit your application. (Please note that paying your application fee and submitting your online application are two separate processes. If you have paid your application fee, your application is not considered submitted– you must also complete the application submission process.



Full-time MBA Application: Supplemental Data, Short Answers and Essays

The following questions give you the opportunity to provide information about yourself, your interests, and your ambitions. Section I asks for supplemental data; these questions are very straightforward and should be answered as succinctly as possible. Questions in Section II are meant to elicit brief, yet thoughtful responses that will help the Admissions Committee to learn more about you as an individual and potential member of the upcoming class. Section III contains required essay questions which elicit longer responses, and Section IV contains optional essays. Your essays will be evaluated for content, quality of written English, and relevance of your answers to the questions posed. Please be sure not to exceed the specified word count for each question.

Please answer all questions, even those marked "optional". If a particular question does not apply to you, please answer "N/A".

If you are a reapplicant and do not wish to answer some or all of your essay questions please click on the Reapplicant button:


Section I: Supplementary Questions
1. If you have not provided a letter of recommendation from your current supervisor, please explain; otherwise, enter N/A.
Post Response

2. List in order of importance all community & professional organizations and extracurricular activities in which you have been involved during or after university studies. Indicate the nature of the activity or organization, dates of involvement, offices held, & average number of hours spent per month.
Post Response

3. List full-time and part-time jobs held during undergraduate or graduate studies, indicating the employer, job title, employment dates, location, and the number of hours worked per week for each position held prior to the completion of your degree.
Post Response

4. Please explain all gaps in your employment since earning your university degree.
Post Response

5. Please identify the course(s) you have taken or intend to take to demonstrate quantitative proficiency. Provide the course name and institution. Beyond courses, please discuss other ways in which you have demonstrated strong quantitative abilities.
Post Response

6. If you have ever been subject to academic discipline, placed on probation, suspended or required to withdraw from any college or university, please explain.  If not, please enter N/A.  (An affirmative response to this question does not automatically disqualify you from admission.)
Post Response

Section II: Short Answer
1. What are you most passionate about? Why? (250 word maximum)
Post Response

2. Tell us about your most significant accomplishment. (250-word maximum)
Post Response

3. At Haas, our distinctive culture is defined by four key principles — question the status quo; confidence without attitude; students always; and beyond yourself. Give an example of when you have demonstrated one of these principles. (250 words maximum, Review Berkeley-Haas’ Defining Principles )
Post Response

4. There are many ways to learn about our program, what steps have you taken to learn about the Berkeley MBA? (250-word maximum)
Post Response

Section III: Essays
1. Give us an example of a situation in which you displayed leadership. (500 word maximum)
Post Response

2. What are your post-MBA short-term and long-term career goals? How do your professional experiences relate to these goals? How will an MBA from Berkeley help you achieve these specific career goals? (1,000-word maximum)
Post Response

Section IV: Optional Essays
1. (Optional). Please feel free to provide a statement concerning any information you would like to add to your application that you haven't addressed elsewhere. (500-word maximum)
Post Response

2. (Optional). Please provide the occupation of, and highest degree obtained by, your parent(s) or guardian(s).
Post Response

Supplemental Questions

Accepted.com analysis of UC Berkeley Haas 2011 MBA Essay Questions
http://blog.accepted.com/acceptedcom_blog/2010/7/27/uc-berkeley-haas-2011-mba-application-questions-deadlines-ti.html

Listed below are the supplemental questions, short answer questions, required essays, and optional essays.

1. If you have not provided a letter of recommendation from your current supervisor, please explain; otherwise, enter N/A.

Keep it short and sweet. This is primarily for those of you who don't want to tell your boss yet that you intend to leave.

2. List in order of importance all community and professional organizations and extracurricular activities in which you have been involved during or after university studies. Indicate the nature of the activity or organization, dates of involvement, offices held, and average number of hours spent per month.

Whenever possible, quantify your impact or contribution.

3. List full-time and part-time jobs held during undergraduate or graduate studies, indicating the employer, job title, employment dates, location, and the number of hours worked per week for each position held prior to the completion of your degree.

Again, quantify as much as possible your responsibilities and impact. Focus on achievements. Stay way from bullet points and job descriptions that are obvious from your title.

4. Please explain all gaps in your employment since earning your university degree.

Provide the explanation, but again, be succinct. If you were laid off for three months as part of a restructuring, say so. No harm, no foul. If the layoff was much longer, try to also indicate how you spent your time, other than job-searching. Community involvement or extra-curricular activity, if true, would be great to mention here.

5. Please identify the course(s) you have taken or intend to take to demonstrate quantitative proficiency. Provide the course name and institution.  Beyond courses, please discuss other ways in which you have demonstrated strong quantitative abilities.

This is particularly important if you are a "poet" or at least if you were one in college and didn't take much math in or since college. Is your work quantitatively analytical? If so, describe some of the challenges you have handled with aplomb. Have you enrolled in a certificate program like the CFA? Have you participated in a course like MBAMath?

You engineers should have an easy time providing the requested information.

6. If you have ever been subject to academic discipline, placed on probation, suspended or required to withdraw from any college or university, please explain. If not, please enter N/A. (An affirmative response to this question does not automatically disqualify you from admission.)

Please, please, please don't "forget" to respond to this question if it applies to you. It's far worse to omit than to answer it.

Short Answer

1. What are you most passionate about? Why? (250 word maximum)

Please see "What is "Passion" in Admissions?"  Realize that passion without action is meaningless and shallow.

2. Tell us about your most significant accomplishment. (250 word maximum)

You don't have a lot of room here. Describe it. Show your impact through a succinct use of numbers. Given the length restriction for this very important essay, a PAR approach could work well.

3. At Haas, our distinctive culture is defined by four key principles — question the status quo; confidence without attitude; students always; and beyond yourself. Give an example of when you have demonstrated one of these principles. (250 word maximum)

First review the four principles discussed at the link. Also read "Haas New MBA Curriculum--Interview with Pete Johnson" Then choose an example as requested but focus on an example that:

You can enthusiastically relate.
Complements your other essays.
Reveals an achievement or shows you as a contributor with impact.

4. There are many ways to learn about our program, what steps have you taken to learn about the Berkeley MBA? (250 word maximum)

This essay should supplement the required essay 2 (below). Have you done your homework about Haas? If you live in California, you should really make the effort to visit Haas if you want your application to be taken seriously. Haas is very proud of its community and wants to know that you want to be a part of it, not something else. If you reside far from the West Coast, you can learn about Haas in other ways: Their publications, communicating with current students, blogs, info sessions, and receptions.

Required Essays

1. Give us an example of a situation in which you displayed leadership. (500 word maximum)

This question reflects a common b-school value: leadership. Schools want to see it because employers want to see it. Leadership is going to come up again and again. When have others followed you? When have you taken initiative and persuaded others to go in your footsteps or take your suggestion? Discuss the impact you had, the challenges you faced, how you overcame them, and what you learned.

2. What are your post-MBA short-term and long-term career goals? How do your professional experiences relate to these goals? How will an MBA from Berkeley help you achieve these specific career goals? (1000 word maximum)

Standard goals question. How do your goals flow from your professional experience? What are you short-term and long-term goals? How will the Haas MBA at this point in time help you achieve your goals?

Optional Essay

1. Please feel free to provide a statement concerning any information you would like to add to your application that you haven’t addressed elsewhere. (500 word maximum)

A bonus! If there is some facet of your experience, be it professional, academic or personal, that you have not discussed elsewhere and would like the adcom to know about, include it here. Give them another reason to admit you, but don't submit the grand summary, appeal, or closing statement. Keep it focused and cogent. Obviously, you could use this essay to explain a weakness, but that would leave your application ending on a weakness, which is less than optimal. Try to fit the explanation in somewhere else in the app or if necessary tuck the weakness into this essay, but have the main focus of this essay be something positive. An Example: Your pride in working your way through undergrad, the challenges, and the ultimate satisfaction of learning to manage your time. An essay with this theme will explain a slightly less than stellar GPA; it won't justify a 2.0.

Questions for Recommenders

Full-time MBA Application: Recommendations

Submit two recommendations from people who can speak directly about your senior management potential, as well as your aptitude and capabilities for graduate study.
For the Full-time MBA Program, the Admissions Committee strongly prefers professional recommendations that come from current or former supervisors. Academic and peer recommendations are strongly discouraged. All recommendations should address the range of questions asked on the recommendation form.
You have two options for providing us with these recommendations:
If your recommenders have Web access and an email address, they can provide your recommendations electronically. We strongly prefer recommendations come from a business/ company email address rather than a personal one. If you wish to waive your right to examine a recommendation, check the appropriate box before submitting the request. If you choose to have your recommender send an electronic recommendation, make sure to check the box below indicating that a recommendation request should be emailed to your recommender. This email contains instructions for your recommender on completing the recommendation. Once recommenders have been sent this email, you will not be able to modify their information.

Waiver of Right to Examine a Recommendation

Or, download the Recommendation Form (in Adobe Acrobat Format). If you wish to waive your right to examine a recommendation, please check the appropriate box. Provide each recommender with a copy of this form, and have each return the completed form to you in a sealed envelope with their signature across the seal. You will submit these letters to us, along with your other supplemental materials.
Regardless of the option you decide to use, we require that you enter the information requested below for both of your recommenders. Please note that you will not be able to submit your application until this information has been entered.
Recommenders
Add New Recommender


Describe your relationship to the applicant. Are you, or have you been, the applicant’s direct supervisor? If not, what is the nature of your relationship? How long have you known the applicant and how frequent is/was your interaction with them?
How does the applicant’s performance compare with that of his or her peers?
How effective are the applicant’s interpersonal skills?
What are the applicant’s three greatest strengths? Cite specific examples.
What are the applicant’s three greatest weaknesses or areas in need of improvement? Cite specific examples.
What significant contribution has the applicant made to your organization?
Please comment on the applicant’s potential for leading an organization.
In the Berkeley MBA program, we develop leaders who have “confidence without attitude” or “confidence with humility”. Please comment and provide examples of how the applicant reflects this Berkeley-Haas value.
Please give us your appraisal of the applicant in terms of the traits listed below. Compare the applicant with others whom you know have applied to business school or with individuals who are being groomed for leadership positions within your organization. It should be extremely rare for any candidate to receive “truly exceptional” in all areas, and unusual for a candidate to receive either “superior” or “truly exceptional” in all areas.

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UCLA / Anderson MBA

UCLA Anderson Application Deadlines for Fall 2011
Application Deadline: January 5, 2011
Decision Released: March 30, 2011

UCLA Anderson MBA Essays for the Entering 2011 Class

FIRST-TIME APPLICANT ESSAY QUESTIONS

REQUIRED ESSAYS

Please be introspective and authentic in your responses. Content is more important than style of delivery. We value the opportunity to learn about your life experiences, aspirations, and goals.

1.    What event or life experience has had the greatest influence in shaping your character and why? (750 words)
2.    Describe your short-term and long-term career goals. What is your motivation for pursuing an MBA now and how will UCLA Anderson help you to achieve your goals? (750 words)

OPTIONAL ESSAYS

The following essays are strictly optional. These essays are for individuals who would like to provide additional information.  No preference is given in the evaluation process to applicants who submit optional essays.

3.    You may respond to the following question via written essay, audio or video clip:

What is something people will find surprising about you?

http://mbablogs.anderson.ucla.edu/mba_admissions/2010/06/ucla-anderson-mba-releases-essay-questions-for-its-2011-application.html

You may want to listen to a few audio clips that caught the adcom's fancy in the past. Click on "Audio Animations" at http://www.anderson.ucla.edu/x24219.xml . For these clips, the video was produced by UCLA film students, but the audio was the work of Anderson applicants.

4. OPTIONAL: Are there any extenuating circumstances in your profile about which the Admissions Committee should be aware? (250 words)
If there are extenuating circumstances that would add perspective or "explain" a weakness, you can discuss them here.

Three years ago, UCLA added the following: "Please do not submit redundant information in the Optional Essay." Good advice for all optional questions. For more suggestions, please see The Optional Question: To Be or not To Be.
Additional Resources:
Essays that Stick, a webinar recording.
Video in Applications, a series of blog posts.
http://blog.accepted.com/acceptedcom_blog/?currentPage=5


Questions for Recommenders

What is your relationship to the candidate and how long have you known him or her?
How would you compare the candidate to others with similar responsibilities within the organization?
Comment on the candidate’s career progression to date.
How would you describe his or her potential for professional growth and development?
Comment on the candidate’s aptitude for strategic thinking, leadership, and/or management.
Describe how the candidate deals with challenges.
Is there anything else that you would like us to know about the candidate?


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WHARTON

VIDEO! Wharton 2010-11 Essay Analysis: 3 top MBA admissions counselors discuss this year's toughest essay topics http://bit.ly/9yQzKf
Fall 2010 application deadlines and decision release dates:
MBA Program
Application Deadline: January 4, 2011
Decision Release Date: March 24, 2011
All deadlines are 5:00 p.m. Eastern Standard Time (EST).

Fall 2010 Essay Questions
http://bit.ly/Wharton10-11

The Admissions Committee is interested in getting to know you on both a professional and personal level. We encourage you to be introspective, candid, and succinct. Most importantly, we suggest you be yourself.

Required Essay 1

Required Question: What are your professional objectives? (300 words)

Essay Options

Respond to 3 of the following 4 questions:

Student and alumni engagement has at times led to the creation of innovative classes. For example, through extraordinary efforts, a small group of current students partnered with faculty to create a timely course entitled, “Disaster Response: Haiti and Beyond,” empowering students to leverage the talented Wharton community to improve the lives of the Haiti earthquake victims. Similarly, Wharton students and alumni helped to create the “Innovation and the Indian Healthcare Industry” which took students to India where they studied the full range of healthcare issues in India. If you were able to create a Wharton course on any topic, what would it be? (700 words)
Reflect on a time when you turned down an opportunity. What was the thought process behind your decision? Would you make the same decision today? (600 words)
Describe a failure that you have experienced. What role did you play, and what did you learn about yourself? How did this experience help to create your definition of failure? (600 words)
Discuss a time when you navigated a challenging experience in either a personal or professional relationship. (600 words)   

Additional Joint Wharton MBA/MA–Lauder Applicant Essays
Required for all Lauder applicants in addition to the appropriate set of essay questions above.

Describe a cross-cultural experience in your adult life that was challenging to you. How did you meet this challenge and what did you learn from the experience? (1,000 words)
Please explain why you are currently applying to Lauder. How do you expect the Wharton/Lauder joint-degree experience to benefit you on both a professional and personal level? (1,000 words)

http://bit.ly/Wharton10-11
as viewed by Vince Ricci 6/20/10 5:40 AM

ClearAdmit Wharton Essay Topic Analysis 2010-2011

http://blog.clearadmit.com/2010/06/wharton-essay-topic-analysis-2010-2011/

Following the release of Wharton’s 2010-2011 MBA application essay questions, we would like to offer some advice on how to choose compelling anecdotes and craft strong essays.  Although applicants are still required to answer four essays, this year’s essay prompts are significantly different from previous years’, as this year’s questions inquire more about applicants’ ability to be self-reflective, to persevere, and to innovate.  Let’s take a look at this year’s essay topics:

Required Question: What are your professional objectives?
(300 words)
A marked departure from Wharton’s standard 1,000-word career goals essay, this year’s applicants have only 300 words to describe their future plans.  While this is a variation of the typical career goals essay, Wharton’s use of “professional objectives” should prompt applicants to adopt a big-picture approach to this question: in addition to describing post-MBA career goals, applicants should ensure that they explain their long-term plans and the impact they hope to have on their industry, community, country or region.  With only 300 words allotted for this essay, applicants will need to be highly efficient with their writing.  It should also be noted that this prompt doesn’t specifically call for a discussion of ‘why Wharton’, although a few words on how the program would assist candidates in reaching their professional objectives may be appropriate.

Respond to 3 of the following 4 questions:

1. Student and alumni engagement has at times led to the creation of innovative classes. For example, through extraordinary efforts, a small group of current students partnered with faculty to create a timely course entitled, “Disaster Response: Haiti and Beyond,” empowering students to leverage the talented Wharton community to improve the lives of the Haiti earthquake victims. Similarly, Wharton students and alumni helped to create the “Innovation and the Indian Healthcare Industry” which took students to India where they studied the full range of healthcare issues in India. If you were able to create a Wharton course on any topic, what would it be? (700 words)
This question is new to Wharton’s application and offers applicants the opportunity to showcase both their innovative nature and unique interests as they design a course on a topic of their choice.  One tactic to take in responding to this prompt is to create a course that reflects your professional passions: with only 300 words in the previous essay to describe career objectives, this prompt offers applicants the perfect opportunity to provide more details about their academic and professional background as well as their future plans.  Offering this information would also help the adcom understand why the applicant would be interested in creating this course.  Another tactic to take would be to create a custom course that highlights a secondary interest or set of experiences that is not necessarily related to one’s career goals but enables the applicant to share another facet of his or her candidacy with the adcom.

With 700 words, applicants should have the space to provide some details about the course’s offerings as well as how the course would benefit the Wharton community.  Therefore, understanding of the unique merits of Wharton’s program is important to craft an effective response to this question.  Taking the time to learn about the school’s curriculum, special programs and extracurricular activities – whether through a visit to campus, conversation with alumni or reading the Clear Admit School Guide to Wharton will pay dividends here.  In discussing Wharton, applicants may also have a brief opportunity to explain why they are interested in the school, and how it would help them achieve their career goals.

Finally, candidates might also take a hint from the two examples Wharton includes in this prompt.  As both of these example courses are focused on important issues in countries other than the U.S., and Wharton is known for its strong international programs, this prompt gives applicants the opportunity to show their interest in and commitment to the global community, thus demonstrating their fit with Wharton’s program.

2. Reflect on a time when you turned down an opportunity. What was the thought process behind your decision? Would you make the same decision today? (600 words)
Also new to the Wharton application, this question poses an interesting challenge for applicants.  While candidates could certainly respond to this essay with a time they turned down an opportunity and not make the same choice today, doing so classifies their decision as a “mistake,” and thus this essay might too closely echo Essay 3’s failure prompt.  To avoid this, applicants can instead interpret this prompt as a question about how they prioritize and make decisions.  For example, an applicant could outline a time she saw an opportunity but realized it would be unwise to take it because she was unprepared to fully benefit from it.  Another example could be a time when an applicant made a well-considered decision, undertaken for the right reasons, that opened up doors that accepting the opportunity would not have.  Regardless of the opportunity and if you would make the same decision today, the key is providing a sound explanation as to why you made the decision you did, so the adcom can understand your thought process and thus better understand how you would function at Wharton and in your future career.  We encourage applicants to think strategically about the topic they might use in answering this question and consider how the content would work with other essay topics: for example, this essay could offer a good opportunity to introduce a new aspect of one’s candidacy into the application.

3. Describe a failure that you have experienced. What role did you play, and what did you learn about yourself? How did this experience help to create your definition of failure? (600 words)

This prompt appears on the Wharton application for its fourth consecutive year.  As a rule of thumb, one wants to highlight the most positive elements of one’s candidacy, but schools occasionally do ask directly about a failure one has experienced.  The adcom acknowledges that no one is perfect and seeks a perspective on each prospective student beyond his or her success, wondering about an applicant’s maturity (as evidenced by an ability to take responsibility for his/her actions, learn from mistakes and handle disappointment) in addition to his or her achievements.

As is always the case, it’s important to focus on the positive elements of this scenario.  A sound approach to any essay that explicitly asks applicants to recount a time when things went less than well is to summarize the failure itself as briefly as possible, spending the bulk of the essay relating one’s response and lessons learned.  Also along these lines, rather than commenting that he or she learned about a weakness as a result of the failure, it would be ideal for an applicant to select a situation in which something positive was discovered in the process.  This is not to say that your essay should fall into the trap of merely being a ‘veiled success’ (a failure that isn’t really a failure at all); however, it is important to demonstrate positive growth and the learning experience that can come from missing the mark.

4. Discuss a time when you navigated a challenging experience in either a personal or professional relationship. (600 words)
New to the Wharton application this year, applicants can answer this question with a story about a challenging episode in either their personal or professional lives.  The response to this prompt could be a story about recognizing a professional opportunity and struggling to bring someone else on board, or the challenge of leading a dissonant member of one’s team.  For those who are more inclined to tell a personal story, remember that no matter what the topic, the goal is to demonstrate one’s maturity and ability to overcome obstacles.

Whether the story is personal or professional, the major themes of growth and learning remain the same.  After describing the initial challenge in detail, applicants should comment on both their thoughts and actions in response, highlighting how they were able to persevere through this situation.  It’s important to present both one’s internal and external reactions in creating a full picture for the adcom.  This essay is a good place to highlight instances of resourcefulness as well as provide a comprehensive picture of personal and professional development over the course of the narrative.  Applicants should keep in mind that the adcom will be using this account of past thoughts and experiences as a barometer to measure applicants’ future performance.

Conclusion: In order to present themselves competitively, applicants will need to think strategically about the optional essays they choose to answer and subsequently, the topics they choose to discuss in these optional essays.  For example, the choice between a personal or professional relationship in Essay 4 largely depends on an applicant’s response to Essay 2 and/or Essay 3: if Essay 2 focuses on a personal opportunity the applicant turned down, Essay 4 could round out the application by delving into a professional experience, or vice versa.

Adam Markus Wharton Essay Topic Analysis 2010-2011

http://adam-markus.blogspot.com/2010/09/wharton-mba-essay-questions-for-fall.html
 September 10, 2010

Wharton MBA Essay Questions for Fall 2011 Admission
In this post, I analyze the essay questions for Wharton for Fall 2011 admission.  In subsequent posts, I will provide comments on the Wharton Lauder Essays, and the Wharton application form. My analysis of Wharton interviews can be found here.

As a matter of disclosure, I should indicate that I am a sponsor of the Wharton Japan Club. I don't think this unduly biases my perspective. You find testimonials from my clients admitted to Wharton in 2009 and 2010 here.

I must apologize for the delay in putting out my Wharton analysis. I have been working on it and playing with it in mind for a few months. In that time, I also worked on the essay set with one client, which was very useful in helping me think through these questions.  I especially wanted to mention my gratitude to my longtime colleague and friend, Vince Ricci, for discussing the Wharton questions with me.  We were joined by another experienced consultant who wishes to remain anonymous.  Vince videotaped our discussion of Wharton. You can find an edited version of that conversation below:

You might find it helpful to watch the video first before descending into what follows.  The video really is a good summary of some of key points that I will elaborate on below.

WHARTON: A TIME TO CHANGE
I think Wharton's radically changed essay set reflects the fact that Wharton is de-leveraging itself from an over-reliance on placing its graduates into jobs on Wall Street.    As the financial crisis has shown, in such a market Wharton, more than Stanford or HBS (The only schools it really wants to compare itself with), found itself in a weak position. Also adding to the headache for Wharton, has been the rise of the University of Chicago Booth School of Business as real competitor to Wharton’s standing.   "Everyone" always assumed that the Chicago MBA was not as well balanced as PENN’s.  Of course, the job placement numbers and overall ranking at Chicago in recent years suggest that maybe this is not the case.  It did not hurt Chicago to have an admissions director who radically diversified who Chicago accepts and was also really, really good at marketing her program.  Of course, it also hurt Wharton that the person in question, Rose Martinelli, had been head of admissions at Wharton.  After Rose left Wharton, nothing really changed in the admissions office until they hired J.J. Cutler in 2009. For more about J.J. as well as my predication that he would shake things up in 2010, see here.  Now looking back on the staff changes, it seems J.J. was, indeed, brought in to clean house. J.J.  is a consumer marketing guy, not a finance guy.  His MBA is from Wharton.  For the first year of his tenure, he clearly studied what was going on and now he has acted: He blew up the old application that Wharton had been using with for years.  I have also noticed that some of the admissions team have changed.  You can find the admissions team here.  In sum, it is a new day at Wharton.  To add to this change, J.J. now oversees both admissions and career services.  BusinessWeek referred to this change as "a sharp reversal of traditional university administrator roles." The integration of admissions and career services under a single person is worth considering because what might mean is that the actual reality of the job market for Wharton grads is likely to be more directly communicated to admissions staff. Certainly it will be even more present in the thinking of J.J. It is therefore particularly important that one articulates goals in Essay 1 that are highly realistic.  

NOT SUCH A GOOD SET OF ESSAYS TO START WITH
If you ask generic questions, you get generic answers.  Wharton’s essays had always been one of the easiest for my clients to handle.  In fact, my advice, both in this blog and to my clients,  had been to start with Wharton, Kellogg, or Tuck, but not anymore in regards to Wharton.  Unless you are only applying to Chicago and Wharton, I would never start with Wharton because (1) You will have more word count for your goals for almost any other top MBA program and (2) it is advantageous to have a portfolio of content prior to selecting which of the optional questions to write.  In fact,  this year, I eliminated paragraphs in both my HBS and Stanford analysis about them being bad schools to start with.  Given that MIT (no goals essay), Wharton (as will discuss here), and Chicago (4 pages to do whatever you want with, so better already have some content in place) are such bad schools to start with, I could not possibly tell anyone that the very well formed set of essay questions that Stanford asks is not good to start with.  Even with HBS, the questions themselves provide a significantly greater amount of overall direction and structure than you get with Wharton. 

In the preface to the Fall 2010 Essay Questions (They mean for entering in Fall 2011), the following is stated:

The Admissions Committee is interested in getting to know you on both a professional and personal level. We encourage you to be introspective, candid, and succinct. Most importantly, we suggest you be yourself.

This statement is really important because it provides some guidance as to what Wharton wants:
1.  Provide both personal and professional content.
2. Be personal and analytical, not merely descriptive.
3.  Make sure you are stating things as briefly and effectively as possible.  Don't waste your words.  Use them carefully. Keep your essays within the word count.  That is what "succinct" means! 

THE ELEVATOR PITCH

Required Question: What are your professional objectives?

(300 words) 

You might think that 300 words is not enough to convey your professional objectives, but if you think that you don’t have to explain why you need an MBA in detail, it is not actually bad length.
If Columbia Essay 1 is an “Extended elevator pitch,” Wharton’s Required Question is an elevator pitch.  I suggest you read my analysis of CBS 1 now.  After you are finished, read the rest of this post.

WHAT CAN YOU SAY IN 300 WORDS?

1.     What do you imagine your professional future will look like?  You need to give Wharton admissions a very clear image of your future.  You may or may not include a chronological framework (Short, medium, and long term), but if you don’t, you better make sure that you are still presenting something that effectively combines both ambition and realism.  A purely abstract dream or visionary statement could easily come across as unrealistic or ungrounded if not handled carefully.  However you write this, have a strong first sentence that immediately answers the question.  For most applicants this probably means either stating your ultimate professional objective or a statement related to your professional vision.

2.     What motivates your professional objectives?  That is to say, why are these your objectives? While the question does not say “What are your professional objectives and why are they your objectives,” if you are going to be “introspective, candid” and “yourself,” as per Wharton’s overall instructions, you had better also explain “why.” Clearly a drawn-out explanation based on a detailed examination of your past experience cannot be conveyed here, so provide a clear analytical answer as why your goals are what they are.

3. SHOULD YOU MENTION WHARTON OR WHY YOU NEED AN MBA? Yes, if it helps to explain your professional objectives, but I would certainly keep such “Why MBA?” and “Why Wharton MBA?” statements to mere logical argument and not focus on the details. Unless it is intuitively obvious why you need an MBA, it may very well make sense to briefly explain why in this essay. For example, if you are already well on your way along a certain professional path and wish to stay on that path, it does make sense to explain why an MBA is necessary at this point in your career. If you are changing careers, you might want to briefly mention that you view an MBA as necessary to make this change effectively. Of course a simple analytical explanation is all that I am talking about, not a full elaboration of all the possible benefits of an MBA in general or a Wharton MBA in particular.  Optional Essay 1 is the ideal place to discuss in detail why you need an MBA from Wharton.

Respond to 3 of the following 4 questions:
THE OPTIONAL MANDATORY QUESTION

Essay Option 1

Student and alumni engagement has at times led to the creation of innovative classes. For example, through extraordinary efforts, a small group of current students partnered with faculty to create a timely course entitled, “Disaster Response: Haiti and Beyond,” empowering students to leverage the talented Wharton community to improve the lives of the Haiti earthquake victims. Similarly, Wharton students and alumni helped to create the “Innovation and the Indian Healthcare Industry” which took students to India where they studied the full range of healthcare issues in India. If you were able to create a Wharton course on any topic, what would it be?

(700 words) 

I suppose you could treat this one as optional, but frankly I think that would be particularly stupid.  Here is why:
1. Unlike the other three optional questions, Wharton gives you up to 700 words for this one.  Why, I wonder?  For some reason, they think you will need more words for this one and consider it worth giving them to you.
2.  This is the only question where you can easily discuss why you want to go to Wharton in detail.  I suppose you could try doing that with another one of these options, but if you did, it would not certainly not be focused on the actual question being asked.
3.  This question is so unique that it is Wharton specific. That is to say, there really is no way you could have easily written this one for another school.   From my perspective, whenever a school asks such an optional question, it is always best to answer it if you really want to show your passion for the school.
4.  I can't think of a better question for actually demonstrating both why you want to attend Wharton and also what you can contribute.

What morons who answer this question will do: They will simply not focus on the actual question, but on the extended explanatory preface. In particular, they will look at the first sample course provided, Disaster Response: Haiti and Beyond,  and feel the obligation to address a pressing political, social and/or environmental issue even though their own goals as stated in Essay 1 have nothing to do with that. (Of course, if your goals relate to such issues, you should most certainly focus on them).   If they think deeply about the second example, Innovation and the Indian Healthcare Industry, perhaps they will avoid this error. This second course, while taking place in India, actually really is focused on a core area of Wharton's curriculum, healthcare management, as well as one of the country's covered by the Lauder program (Actually the newest track at Lauder is Hindi).

The core question:   If you were able to create a Wharton course on any topic, what would it be?
The short answer to this question: A course on a topic that would really relate to your goals as discussed in Essay 1.
The above sentence is my core strategic advice for this question.  What follows is just a discussion of mechanics.

Steps for Answering this Question:
1. Identify a topic that really relates to your goals.
2. Identify resources at Wharton (faculty, research activities, clubs) that would support this course.  If no such resources exist, ask yourself whether this is really a course that Wharton would or should offer?  Consider that your proposed course represents a really core academic need that you have, if admissions readers at Wharton can't see the connection between your needs and their school, you lose. I would treat this as an opportunity to explain what you want from Wharton, so if Wharton really has nothing to support your proposed class, find another class.
3.  Think about what research questions the course would address.  YOU DON'T NEED ANSWERS, BUT YOU DO NEED QUESTIONS.  In fact, if you have all the answers, you don't actually need to take the course.  Assume that the questions you wish to address are not only your questions, but ones that would appeal to other students.  If you ask your questions in such a narrow manner that they only relate to your goals,  there is good chance that the admissions reader will decide that you can't actually propose a viable course.  That would be a bad conclusion for the reader to come to.
4.  Be willing to do some background reading so you sound like you know what you are talking about.  You need not be an expert, but you must have sufficient command of the basic facts to explain what the course would be, why it is worth offering, why it is interesting to you, why it would be interesting to other students, what resources at Wharton could be utilized for it, what core issues would be examined, and what the expected impact of the course might be on the participants.  Here are some possible sources of information:
From the Business Schools: Feed your brain with cutting-edge ideas from the best business schools in the world. Start with Knowledge @ Wharton. Other great sources of information include Stanford Social Innovation Review, Harvard Working Knowledge, Harvard Business Review, Harvard Business School Publishing, University of Chicago GSB's Working Papers, The University of Chicago's Capital Ideas, and MIT Sloan Management Review.
You may also want to do a search on iTunes for podcasts: My favorites are Entrepreneurial Thought Leaders (from the Stanford School of Engineering, but totally relevant to MBA), Chicago GSB Podcast, Net Impact, and Harvard Business IdeaCast. INSEAD, IMD, LBS, and, of course, Wharton also has podcasts.
5. If appropriate, bring your own past experience into your discussion of the course.  This will show how you can contribute not only your perspective, but also your past experience to the course.  If you are selecting something where you don't think your past experience is particularly relavant, that is fine as long as the topic clearly aligns well with your goals, which it should do in any case. 

DECISIONS, DECISIONS...

Essay Option 2

Reflect on a time when you turned down an opportunity. What was the thought process behind your decision? Would you make the same decision today?

(600 words)
WARNING: DON'T QUOTE FROM ROBERT FROST'S THE ROAD NOT TAKEN. HERE IS THE POEM SO YOU CAN GET THIS POETIC CLICHE OUT OF THE WAY NOW:

Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth;
Then took the other, as just as fair,
And having perhaps the better claim,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
Though as for that the passing there
Had worn them really about the same,
And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden black.
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads on to way,
I doubted if I should ever come back.
I shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence:
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—
I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference.

This must be the single most quoted poem in MBA essays. Don't use it.  Don't use any poems, unless you write it.  I have nothing against poetry. I like Robert Frost and even the sentiment expressed in this poem. You might be wondering why I am starting this, especially because the question is focused on an opportunity that you did take. The reason is very simple, if you did not take one opportunity, you had to have taken another. To connect to Frost, you either choose one road or your choose another.

This is really a great question because it can be used in so many ways.
Opportunities take many forms, so to help you focus your thinking about this one:

1. Think about a situation were you really did have a viable opportunity and choose not to take it.  I stress the word "viable." If the opportunity you turned down was not really viable, it will make for an effective topic.
2. Think about why choose not to take this opportunity. You must be able to explain your reasoning very clearly. I would say that a least a third of the essay should focus on explaining your reasoning at the time.
3.  Think about whether you made the right decision.  The interesting thing about this question is that you may or may not have made the right decision.  This essay, can, in fact, be used to discuss a bad decision. If you do so, I don't suggest also writing on Essay Optional Three (Failure) as your overall set would perhaps not necessarily provide you with sufficient opportunity to focus on your accomplishments.  If you think you made the right decision, explain why.  If you think your decision was both right and wrong, be careful because you may find it difficult to provide an effective response in the space provided.

This topic lends itself well to employment, academic, and personal opportunities (I can't suggest covering romantic opportunities that you turned down).  Your answer may very well have an ethical dimension to it.  Also, depending on the situation, it might very well focus on your leadership abilities.

I think Wharton is asking this question so that they can really asses the way you think.  Help them understand that you posses the capability for both explaining your past thought process as well your present perspective.

THE OLD CLASSIC WHARTON FAILURE ESSAY WITH A TWIST

Essay Option 3

Describe a failure that you have experienced. What role did you play, and what did you learn about yourself? How did this experience help to create your definition of failure?

(600 words)

The only part of this entire essay that I could really utilize from my analysis of Wharton from prior years was part of the following. The last part of the question is the twist.
EVERYTHING BUT THE TWIST:  Describe a failure that you have experienced. What role did you play, and what did you learn about yourself? 
It is critical that you learned something meaningful about yourself. And your learning about yourself has to have been be important, otherwise why tell admissions about it? Here is a standard definition of failure:
FAILURE: 1. The condition or fact of not achieving the desired end or ends: the failure of an experiment. 2. One that fails: a failure at one's career. 3. The condition or fact of being insufficient or falling short: a crop failure. 4. A cessation of proper functioning or performance: a power failure. 5. Nonperformance of what is requested or expected; omission: failure to report a change of address. 6. The act or fact of failing to pass a course, test, or assignment. 7. A decline in strength or effectiveness.

The key constraint of this question is that whatever the failure is, you have learned something important about yourself from it. While not stated, you may very well find that one way of showing what you learned is to discuss how you applied your lesson to a new situation. I would, in fact, argue that the heart of any sort of "failure question," whether it is an essay question or an interview is what you learned. Also depending on what your role was, how you reacted to the failure or mistake is also very important.
The basic components of an answer: 1. Clearly state what the failure was.
2. Clearly state your role. 3. Explain how you reacted to the situation. 4. Explain what you learned about yourself.

THE TWIST: How did this experience help to create your definition of failure?
I have intentionally separated out this part of the question because it actually stands apart.  It is a reflection on the prior part of the question. In essence, they are asking you to consider not only learned from this particular failure, but what you learned about failure in general. Now, why would they do that?
I think the twist can actually looked at as product of our times. The financial crisis that began in 2008, the Lehman Shock, as it is sometimes known, really was a massive failure that we all, to a greater or lesser extent are living in the shadow of.  Such generational business traumas necessarily reflect themselves in the kind of questions that schools ask.  Consider that Enron and similar scandals involving MBAs lead to a rise in ethics questions both in MBA applications and interviews, not to mention in curriculum. We are living in a time of failure. Hence it is reasonable to ask you to reflect on your own definition of failure. 

The twist can also be looked at as another way for Wharton to determine the depth of your thinking. It is easy to enough for almost anyone to explain what the learned from a failure, but it requires a further level of reflection to actually explain how that failure impacted your overall definition of failure. 

BUT I DON'T HAVE A DEFINITION OF FAILURE!  Well there are two options:
1. Don't write on this topic because you avoid it by selecting the other three.
2.  Come up with definition of failure that aligns well with the failure story and learning that you will discuss in the first part of this essay. 

ARE YOU EXPERIENCED?
Option 4: Discuss a time when you navigated a challenging experience in either a personal or professional relationship. (600 words)
After the failure bummer question I just discussed, I think it is time for a musical interlude.
Just as the title of this classic Jimi Hendrix song, Wharton is asking "Are you experienced?"  If you have never experienced navigating a challenging personal or professional relationship, you are not actually a human being. Which is it to say, that anyone can answer this question.  To be human is struggle in our relationships with other people.  The topics for this one are too numerous to mention, but here are a few likely themes: trust, empathy, courage, ethics, emotional maturity, stress management, teaching others, learning from others, negotiating, ending a relationship, establishing a relationship, repairing a relationship, working in a team, leading a team, interacting with a subordinate, interacting with a supervisor, and disagreeing with someone.  As with Essay Option 2, I can't recommend writing about a romantic personal challenge. If you select this topic, it is important that if you write Essay Option 3 (Failure), you don't make this challenging relationship a failure story.

This is a behavioral question. For a full discuss of such questions as well as some other examples of such questions, please see my analysis of MIT and Stanford Essay 3.
This really essay is a great way of focusing on how you interact with other people.  It is perfect designed to highlight soft skills.  Keep the focus of the essay on the relationship itself.  How did you work through whatever personal or professional challenges you faced when dealing with a particular individual or group?  Effective answers will provide a sufficient explanation about who you were interacting with and explain exactly why you found this situation so challenging.

Given the available word count, there really is sufficient space here to provide a very detailed analysis of the challenging interaction you experienced.   While not applicable to all stories, the leadership grid that discuss in my MIT and Stanford 3 analysis is highly to be applicable to this essay.  While you must explain the challenge you encountered, it is equally important that you explain how you worked through the experience.

Finally, while it is not necessary to explain what you learned  from the experience, since the question does not ask that, make sure you are providing a strong interpretation and not just a description.

Questions for Recommenders

Ask recommenders to answer all of the questions in a single document. Single space their answers. Separate their answers by writing each question at the top of each response.

How long have you known the applicant and describe your relationship to the applicant?
Provide an example of constructive feedback you have provided to the applicant. How did the applicant receive this feedback and what efforts did the applicant make to address the concern?
Please provide an example of a time when the applicant was particularly successful at interacting with others in a team (employees, peers, managers, etc.); how was the applicant successful? How does the applicant compare to his/her peers in this dimension?
Provide an example of a time when the applicant did not meet expectations. What was the outcome? How did s/he handle the setback?
How has the applicant’s career progressed over the time that you have known him/her? How does this growth compare to his/her peer group? Please describe the peer group that you are comparing this applicant.
Provide any additional comments you think would assist the Admissions Committee in making its decision.

________________________________
________________________________

INSEAD

Adam's analysis from March 24, 2010
INSEAD MBA Essay Questions for January and September 2011
http://adam-markus.blogspot.com/2010/03/insead-mba-essay-questions-for-january.html
 I am posting my analysis of INSEAD's essays for the January and September 2011 Intake. The questions are taken from the PDF. INSEAD has continued to not change their application. Given their multi-year approach to applications and deadline listings, I guess it is hard for them to change. Actually, I think they ask the right questions, so maybe there really is nothing to change.
Over the years, I have had an opportunity to work with a number of clients admitted to INSEAD. So far, one of my clients has been accepted for September 2010. Two of my clients were admitted for January 2010 admission. You can find a testimonials from both of them here. Additional testimonials from clients admitted to INSEAD can also be found here.
Two Job Related Essays
As both questions are concerned with the applicant's professional experience, I think the following from my interview with Deborah Riger, the INSEAD MBA Programme's Assistant Director of Marketing should be kept in mind:

"ADAM: Regarding professional experience, what to do you look for in younger (very early twenties) and older (late twenties or thirties) applicants?
DEBORAH: For all applicants we want to see a track record of professional accomplishments that sets them apart from their peers. For those with only 1-2 years of professional experience, they must demonstrate something distinctive in their profile, perhaps they have started their own company. I would suggest, it is in the benefit of all younger applicants to work for a minimum of two years before applying to business school as they will get more out of the programme if they have experiences to reflect back on. For older applicants, we are looking for a strong professional track record and clear goals toward career change or advancement. If an older applicant has been in the same role for five years that might not demonstrate potential for growth, overall ambition or success relative to his/her peers."

Based on my experience with INSEAD applicants, the above statement from Deborah seems completely accurate. INSEAD is relatively forgiving of those with limited (1-2 years) of professional experience as long as there is something distinctive about their background, but for most applicants, INSEAD is expecting to see a clear pattern of career growth. While INSEAD can actually be quite flexible about the level of international experience that an applicant has, when it comes to those with 3-10+ years of experience, career growth really matters. The comment about applicants in the same position for five years is also really telling as it points to the fact that INSEAD is looking for applicants who are not complacent. Keep in mind that an INSEAD admission committee consists of faculty and alumni and the later, in particular, are likely to have clear expectations of what good career growth looks like.

I think it is also important to keep in mind that a business background is not a necessity for admission to INSEAD, but that good professional experience is. See here. Based on my experience working with clients coming from a variety of professions, I can say that having a non-business, but solid professional career, can be a real advantage.

Keep in mind that INSEAD does not require a CV or resume. Therefore the two essays below are critical pieces of the application. As you will see, the INSEAD application has relatively limited space to discuss your past experience in typical resume style. You should consider that these two essays will really provide INSEAD with their primary interpretation of your career.

Also note that is that unlike the other essays (see below), the word count for these two questions is not approximate. I have taken this to mean that as far as these two questions go, it is actually best to write no more than 250 words.

1. Please give a detailed description of your job, including nature of work, major responsibilities; and, where relevant, employees under your supervision, size of budget, number of clients/products and results achieved. (250 words)
This is a very straightforward question for most applicants. For those who are unemployed, I suggest you write about your last position held.

You want to focus on both major responsibilities and major results. Since results (accomplishments) are likely to be specifically connected to responsibilities, I would prioritize them in your description. I think for many applicants, the easiest way to organize this essay will be in terms of discussing their 2-4 most important results and/or responsibilities. Here is one possible organizational scheme.

1. Brief introduction indicating the nature of the position and employer. 50 words.
2. Most important responsbility that lead to a result. 50-100 words.
3-5. Subsequent responsibilities-results. 25-100 words.

The Details: If you don't have employees working during under your supervision, you should still indicate any project-based and/or team-based leadership. As with a resume or CV include any numbers that will help INSEAD understand the extent of your results or responsibilities. Even approximate quantification is better than no quantification if it helps to positively showcase your career.

Keep in mind that you should be focused on your job, not on your personality. Interpret your job, don't just summarize it. Explain why the work you do is significant.

2. Please give us a full description of your career since graduating from university. If you were to remain with your present employer, what would be your next step in terms of position? (250 words)

This essay should be a growth story. If it is not a story that shows how your career has positively evolved, it is unlikely to be very effective. You might be unemployed at the moment, but what has been the trajectory so far? Did you take a big risk along the way? Point that out. We each have our career ups and downs, especially anyone who has taken risks. Don't shy away from discussing the risks, but the overall focus of this essay should be positive. In my experience, INSEAD rewards those who take risks and does not look kindly on those that stay in the same position for five years or more. Change or become boring! If you have been working in the same position for five years or more, you will need to really show how you have demonstrated growth in terms of results or responsibilities, which would have been primarily discussed in Job Essay 1.

In terms of organizing this essay, think about the key turning points in your career. Help INSEAD understand how you have evolved professionally. Assume that you are being judged critically and consider how to both effectively and honestly present your career.

The final part of this question is what I would call an "opportunity cost" question, in other words, by going to INSEAD, you will be sacrificing the opportunity to take the next step at your current employer. If you are unemployed, the way to handle this question is to discuss the kind of position you would obtain if you were not seeking an MBA. For everyone else, I think you should be realistic, but also present the best possible version of your next position, which will show that you are seeking an MBA to move beyond what would follow without it. A bad answer to this question would involve identifying a next step that is the same as the short term goal you discuss later in Essay 4 because this would undermine much of the value of obtaining an MBA. I think INSEAD asks this question not only to determine whether you have a clear sense of your career trajectory, but also to confirm that you have thought deeply about what you are sacrificing by pursuing an MBA. Given the need to analyze your entire career development, for most applicants, I would suggest providing a brief (50 words or less) answer to this part of the question.

The Essays
For the main essays, word count is always listed as "approx." I have taken this to mean that about 10% over is no problem and will not be noticed. I always think of this "approx" issue as a personal judgment. If you need 450 words for a 400 words approx essay, I know it is not a problem.

1. Give a candid description of yourself, stressing the personal characteristics you feel to be your strengths and weaknesses and the main factors, which have influenced your personal development, giving examples when necessary. (400 words approx.)
With a question like this I think it is important to understand that you are actually being asked to think about your strengths and weaknesses in terms of your overall personality and development. What is important here is provide both an analysis about specific characteristics of yourself and something memorable about your background.

Include strengths and weaknesses that relate to your character, not to a skill set. Given the word count, I suggest focusing on no more than about two strengths and two weaknesses. I would try to give fairly equal consideration to both weaknesses and strengths.

EMBRACE WEAKNESS!
I find that many applicants resist writing about their own weaknesses, yet to do so reveals self-awareness and maturity. While I think it is necessary to practice good judgment when writing about weakness, I think it is also important that you provide something beyond the routine.

One standard defensive strategy that many applicants seem drawn to is to write about knowledge or skill areas where they are weak, but this is not suitable for INSEAD's question because they want you to stress personal characteristics.

STRENGTHS
Compared to weaknesses, strengths are easier for most people to write about. Given the limited space here, you might find it helpful to write about a topic here that is discussed in greater detail in another essay.

IS IT A GOOD STRENGTH OR WEAKNESS?
Some questions to ask yourself:
1. Does the strength demonstrate one's potential for future academic and/or professional success? If so it is a probably a good topic. If not, why does INSEAD need to know about it?
2. Is a weakness fixable? If you are writing about a weakness that cannot be improved upon through your program at INSEAD, why do they need to know about it?
3. If your strength or weakness is not related to leadership, why does INSEAD need to know about it?

Finally, if you are having difficulty thinking about your strengths and weaknesses in relation to your future academic and professional goals, please see my analysis of Essay 5 because in it I discuss how to think about strengths and weaknesses in relation to goals.

2. Describe what you believe to be your two most substantial accomplishments to date, explaining why you view them as such. (400 words approx.)
Some key things to keep in mind when answering this question:
-Accomplishments reveal your potential to succeed at INSEAD and afterwords.
-Accomplishments reveal your potential for contributing to your classmates.
-Everyone has had accomplishments, so it is easy to compare applicants.
-What you consider to be an accomplishment are real tests of your self-awareness and judgment.

The following grid is the kind I have used successfully with applicants preparing this question:
(PLEASE CHECK ADAM'S BLOG)
How to use this grid for outlining your answer to Question 1:
Row 1: "Stories." The first thing you need to do is think of the accomplishments. These will eventually take the form of stories, so that is what I call them. A few things to keep in mind: Your accomplishments may be personal, professional, or academic. While it is very important that your accomplishments be distinct so as to reveal different things about you, there is no single formula for what their content must be. It is quite possible that you might have three professional accomplishments or one personal/one professional/one academic or two academic/one personal. It will really depend on your background. The key consideration is that each accomplishment must be substantial and that you can explain why that is the case.
Row 2: "What skill, value, or unique experience is being showcased?" Your accomplishments need to reveal valuable things about you. Some will call these selling points, but more specifically they consist of skills, values, or unique experiences. One might use a specific accomplishment to emphasize one's leadership skills, another to show one's ethical values, and another to explain a significant barrier that was overcome. The point is that each accomplishment must at its core reveal something key to understanding who you are.
Row 3: "What potential for success in the MBA program or afterwords is demonstrated?" You may or may not be directly stating this in the essay, but you should think about what each accomplishment reveals in terms of your potential. INSEAD Adcom will most certainly be considering how your accomplishments demonstrate your potential to succeed at INSEAD and afterwords, so you should as well. One key way of thinking about the MBA application process is to see it as a test of potential. Potential itself can mean different things at different schools and so you must keep in mind differences between schools and in particular must pay close attention to what schools say really matters when they assess applicants. Please click here to read about what INSEAD values in applicants. Please keep in mind that a core part of your own application strategy should be determining which parts of you to emphasize both overall and for a particular school.
Row 4: "Will this be a contribution to others in the MBA program? How?" Just as with potential, think about whether your accomplishments demonstrate your ability to add value to other students at INSEAD. Given space limitations, it is not likely that you will be explaining how one or more of your accomplishments will be contribution, but rather this is a strategic consideration. The dynamic nature of study groups at INSEAD is very much based on what each student contributes. Think about whether any of your accomplishments demonstrate how you will likely add value to other students INSEAD experience. Not all substantial accomplishments will have this quality, but many will.
Row 5: "Why does Adcom need to know about this?" If your accomplishment has made it this far, chances are it is substantial. That said, I have two simple tests for determining whether an accomplishment really belongs in this essay. The first is whether INSEAD really needs to know about this accomplishment. After all, you might consider getting the love of your life to marry you to be one of your most substantial accomplishments, but will Adcom care? If an accomplishment does not reveal (whether stated or implied) potential and/or contribution, chances are likely that it is not significant enough.
Row 6: "Is this something Adcom could learn about you elsewhere? (If "YES," find another accomplishment)" The second and final simple test I have for determining whether an accomplishment really belongs in this essay is based on the idea that something that is totally obvious about you to anyone looking at your resume and transcript is probably not worth mentioning. If you were a CPA, having an accomplishment that merely demonstrated you were good at accounting would not be worth writing about. Instead it would be important to show something more specific that reveals something that is not obvious by a mere examination of the basic facts of your application.

Finally, as I mentioned above what you include here is a real test of your judgment, so don't just write about your obvious accomplishments. Think deeply and come up with a set of unique accomplishments that reveal distinct, interesting, and the most important things about you that will compel admissions to want to interview you.

3. Describe a situation taken from school, business, civil or military life, where you did not meet your personal objectives, and discuss briefly the effect. (250 words approx.)
This is a fairly standard failure question. That said, it is important to remember that the objective you fail to reach is your own personal objective and not necessarily one imposed on you. You might very well succeed from the perspective of others, but fail from your own perspective.

In terms of discussing the effect, I suggest you focus on what you learned. It is critical that you learned something meaningful about yourself. While not stated, you may very well find that one way of showing what you learned is to discuss how you applied your lesson to a new situation as this could be "the effect."

The basic components of an answer:
1. Clearly state what the objective was.
2. Clearly state your role.
3. Clearly state your failure to reach your personal objectives.
4. Explain the effect in terms of what you learned and perhaps also how you applied what you learned.

The word count is limited, but, if you can, show how you applied what you learned to a new situation because the application of abstract learning to a new situation is a key indicator of real learning.

4. Discuss your career goals. What skills do you expect to gain from studying at INSEAD and how will they contribute to your professional career. (500 words approx.)
THIS IS A FUTURE DIRECTED QUESTION
Unlike some other "Why MBA" questions, INSEAD is not asking about the past. You will write about that in the other essays. Instead focus on your goals and the skills that you will obtain at INSEAD that will help you accomplish those goals. Please see my analysis of Stanford Essay 2 as it mostly applies with the exception that Stanford asks about "aspirations" and INSEAD asks about "goals." This is not much of a difference, but it does mean that you should, at least in terms of your short-term goal, have some specific learning objectives that contribute directly to a future career plan. You should certain offer a vision for your intended future, but given the short length of the INSEAD program, it really is quite important that you give them a clear future plan.

As with other schools, I strongly recommend becoming informed about INSEAD. Attending admission events, meeting alum, and making full use of INSEAD's online resources is critical for making the strongest possible case for why your goals require an INSEAD education. You should most certainly look at INSEAD KNOWLEDGE and listen to some INSEAD Knowledgecasts.

5. Please choose one of the following two essay topics: a) Have you ever experienced culture shock? What did it mean to you? (250 words approx.), or b) What would you say to a foreigner moving to your home country? (250 words approx.)

One core characteristic of those who are admitted to INSEAD is that they are international in their perspective and experience:
The INSEAD MBA equips our alumni to work anywhere in the world. Accordingly, we attract applicants with cross-cultural sensitivity and an international outlook.

I have found that it is usually those with extensive international experience that have the greatest likelihood for admission. That said, in my interview with Deborah Riger, I asked her about this issue:

"ADAM: Is it possible to be accepted to INSEAD without having international experience?
DEBORAH: Yes, it is possible to be admitted without significant experience outside of your home country. While it is important for all applicants to show their international motivations in their essays, it is especially critical for those who lack international exposure to do so. Applicants need to share how they are comfortable and confident in their own culture, why they are seeking out the international exposure in the MBA and sharing perhaps how the world has come to them at home."

Both options for Question 5 are really great ways for INSEAD to gauge your global perspective.

a) Have you ever experienced culture shock? What did it mean to you?
This is a very standard question that frequently gets asked in interviews and has appeared on a number of MBA applications. It is also a question with significant room for saying something stupid and potentially fatal to your application. Some topics to avoid:

1. Topics where you negatively stereotype another nation:Martians are argumentative, so I was surprised to learn that some of them are not.
2. Topics where you are the victim: The Martians lied to me and as a result I lost the contract to a local provider.
3. Topics where you don't actually learn anything: This situation taught me the importance of human communication.

Successful versions of this topic almost always involve real learning. I suppose it is possible for something to mean much to you without learning something important, but I can't recall a successful version of this essay that did that. After all to be shocked is to experience something outside of your previous understanding. Getting shocked teaches something important that changes your perspective. This may lead to a new career decision, a new way of looking at oneself, a new way of interacting with other people, or a myriad of other possibilities.

b) What would you say to a foreigner moving to your home country?
American Adam's bad answer: Learn how to tip. Why is that answer bad? It certainly is useful to know how to tip. I can think of almost nothing more annoying in the US than our system of tipping. Every time I go back to the US, I am at a loss. Doesn't this make for a good topic? NO, BECAUSE IT IS OBVIOUS, IS COVERED IN EVERY TRAVEL GUIDE, AND WOULD GIVE ADMISSIONS NO REAL INSIGHT INTO YOUR ABILITY TO HAVE INTERESTING AND USEFUL THINGS TO SAY ABOUT YOUR OWN COUNTRY. Uppercase is used here in the hope that I don't have to read another version of this essay where the writer says commonplace things about their own country that any tourist would know. And yes, we all know it is useful to learn the local language, so please don't suggest only that!

If you write option b), think deeply about how your knowledge of your country will contribute to your fellow classmates at INSEAD. INSEAD is a place were students really have the option of getting to know (and drink with) people from all over the world. It is truly international in a way that no American program could ever claim. This question directly relates to your ability to show how you will be an effective representative of your own country to your classmates. They will, to some extent, depend on you for their knowledge of your home country. Don't tell them the easy stuff they can get by flipping through the first few pages of a Lonely Planet travel guide to your country. Give them real insight. The kind of insight they could use if they were going to move there.

Now while the question is not in regards to your classmates, I think it is useful to think of it that way so that you focus on writing something that would actually be interesting and useful to someone moving to your country. Decide on one or two pieces of really great advice and provide examples to justify their importance. Since this foreigner will be living in your country, assume they will also be working there. You don't have to write on a business related topic, but if you have a good one, do so.Try to have fun with this one.

6. Is there anything that you have not mentioned in the above essays that you would like the Admissions Committee to know? (200 words approx.) This essay is optional.
This is a completely open question. While you might very well need to tell the Admissions Committee something negative, such as an explanation for a low GPA, I would suggest using at least part of it to tell them something positive about you. Feel free to write on any topic that will add another dimension to Admissions' perception of who you are. I would not treat it as optional unless you truly feel that the rest of your essays have fully expressed everything you want INSEAD to know about you. I don't suggest writing about something that would be obvious from reviewing your application, instead tell INSEAD that one or two additional key points that will give them another reason to admit you.


________________________________
________________________________

LONDON BUSINESS SCHOOL (LBS)

http://www.london.edu/programmes/mba/applying.html

Question 1 (750 words)
Give us a brief assessment of your career progress to date.
In what role do you see yourself working in immediately after graduation
and what is your longer term career vision?
How will your past and present experiences help you to achieve this?
How will the London Business School MBA Programme contribute to this goal?
Why is this the right time for you to pursue an MBA? 

Question 2 (300 words)
Give a specific example of when you have had to test your leadership and team working skills.
Given this experience what role will you play in a first year study group? 

Question 3 (300 words)
Student involvement is an extremely important part of the London Business School MBA experience and this is reflected in the character of students on campus.
Please describe how you will contribute to student clubs and the community and why?

Question 4 (300 words)
London Business School offers a truly global and diverse experience.
Describe any significant experiences outside of your home country or culture.
What did you gain and how will your experience contribute to London Business School?

Please choose ONE of the following options.
Question 5a (150 words)
You have decided to stand for the role of Student Association President. Announcing your campaign to the London Business School community for the first time, please describe your manifesto.     

OR

Question 5b (150 words)
What is your most substantial achievement to date and why?

Question 6 (300 words)
(This question is optional)
Is there any other information that you believe would help the MBA Admissions Committee when considering your application?

Question 7 (300 words)
(This question is for re-applicants only): How has your candidacy for the London Business School MBA improved since your last application? Have your views of London Business School or the MBA programme changed since you last applied?

Thursday, June 24, 2010
Clear Admit Essay Topic Analysis
London Business School 2010-2011
http://blog.clearadmit.com/2010/06/london-business-school-essay-topic-analysis-2010-2011/

Although London Business School’s first four essay topics are relatively unchanged from the prompts on last year’s application, the school has introduced two new potential essay topics for the fifth question.  The new essay questions continue to indicate the school’s emphasis on international experience, as well as its interest in a candidate’s past and proposed leadership experience.  In addition, more than most programs, LBS asks applicants to share specific details of their future involvement on campus and contribution to the community.  From this, one can extrapolate and assume that LBS is interested in candidates who’ve spoken to students and learned a good deal about the program to better understand how and where they might fit.

Question 1 (750 words): Give us a brief assessment of your career progress to date.

In what role do you see yourself working in immediately after graduation and what is your longer term career vision?
How will your past and present experiences help you to achieve this?
How will the London Business School MBA Programme contribute to this goal?
Why is this the right time for you to pursue an MBA?
While last year’s LBS application had the career goals essay broken down into two separate questions, this year’s prompt maintains the compartmentalization format by including individual questions within this one essay topic.  At its heart this is a standard career goals essay, although applicants will need to make sure that they respond to all of the questions posed in this prompt.  In responding to the fourth question, applicants will benefit from learning about the school’s academic offerings and other curricular and extracurricular programs, whether through a campus visit, conversation with alumni or reading the Clear Admit School Guide to London Business School.

Question 2 (300 words): Give a specific example of when you have had to test your leadership and team working skills. Given this experience what role will you play in a first year study group?

Based on this prompt, applicants should discuss an experience in which they faced challenges to their leadership and teamwork skills, such as a time when a team member refused to get on board with a group plan.  After clearly outlining the situation, it’s crucial that applicants explain how they persevered through the challenge, as doing so shows one’s maturity and ability to overcome obstacles.  It would therefore make sense to end this essay by explaining the strategies you’ve subsequently developed to navigate difficult situations, and explain how you can apply these processes to future work at LBS.  Note that the question about LBS study groups offers applicants a great chance to showcase their familiarity with the program and prove that they’ve done their homework, as well as demonstrate that they’ve thought through the contribution they would make and the strengths they could bring to the program.  With only 300 words allotted for this essay, applicants will need to be highly efficient with their writing to ensure that they can respond to each component of the prompt.

Question 3 (300 words): Student involvement is an extremely important part of the London Business School MBA experience and this is reflected in the character of students on campus. Please describe how you will contribute to student clubs and the community and why?

This question asks candidates to broadly discuss the clubs and events in which they would like to participate. This framing gives candidates a wide berth to discuss how their interests and experiences to date would translate to contributions on several fronts. As with any essay of this sort, it would be ideal to link the clubs and events you cite to established interests or elements of your career goals, as these will help the admissions committee readily see how you are poised to make a contribution. Taking the time to learn about the school’s special programs and extracurricular activities – whether through a visit to campus, conversation with alumni or reading the Clear Admit School Guide to London Business School – will pay dividends here.

Question 4 (300 words): London Business School offers a truly global and diverse experience. Describe any significant experiences outside of your home country or culture. What did you gain and how will your experience contribute to London Business School?

With the prompt expanded from last year’s application, this question allows applicants the opportunity to showcase their international experience, both professionally and personally, and is designed to gauge the applicant’s ability to navigate unfamiliar terrain and resolve cross-cultural issues.  In order to answer both components of this question, we suggest that applications quickly outline important experience abroad, and then focus on providing detail about the lessons and skills gained from these situations, as well as how the experiences would help the applicant benefit from and contribute to LBS.  Based on the first sentence of this prompt, it will be important for applicants to show that not only can they contribute to the diversity at LBS, but also that they will thrive as a member of the diverse student body.

Please choose ONE of the following options.

Question 5a (150 words)
You have decided to stand for the role of Student Association President. Announcing your campaign to the London Business School community for the first time, please describe your manifesto.
New to the LBS application, this essay question offers applicants the opportunity to demonstrate their knowledge of LBS’s Student Association program, highlight the past experiences that make them suited to take on this significant leadership role, and showcase a passion for contributing to the school.  Due to the 150 word limit, focusing on two or three action items will allow applicants to provide a focused and effective answer to this question.  In describing your vision – by clearly explaining your plans as well as their intended impact – it’s important that you do not inadvertently suggest that the program needs “fixing” and thus potentially offend members of the LBS adcom and damage your chances of admission.  To select effective topics of discussion, we encourage applicants to conduct in-depth research on the history and current role of the Student Association.

Question 5b (150 words)
What is your most substantial achievement to date and why?
This is a fairly tall order for a 150 word essay, so brevity will be key here.  This question leaves the door open for a wide range of examples; an applicant might discuss a major professional accomplishment or a more personal triumph.  The “why?” element of the question is a reminder that the adcom is not just interested in what was done, but the reason it is a source of ongoing pride for the candidate, so when selecting a subject for this essay, its significance will be a key element to keep in mind.  An example from the workplace could be a great topic if there was some important lesson learned, skill gained or impact made.  Meanwhile, a more personal anecdote could be quite beneficial if a candidate has some meaningful experience that could help him or her stand out from others and demonstrate distinguishing qualities that might not be evident elsewhere in the application.  One’s choice of topic here will likely depend on what has been covered elsewhere in the application up to this point.

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Essays

1. Please describe your short term professional goals (post MBA). (200 words +/- 10%)
2. Please describe your long term professional goals (post MBA). (200 words +/- 10%)
3. Describe two substantial accomplishments and one failure in a professional or private endeavour. (600 words +/- 10%)
4. Describe your job responsibilities. (250 words +/- 10%)
5. Describe the most difficult project (personal or professional) that you have faced recently (within last two years). (200 words +/- 10%)
6. I wish that the application had asked me... (200 words +/- 10%)

Letters of Recommendation

1. How long have you known the applicant and in what context? (400 characters including spaces)
2. What do you consider to be the applicant’s talents or strengths? (400 characters including spaces)
3. What do you consider to be the applicant’s weaknesses? (400 characters including spaces)
4. Do you know of any personal circumstances which might affect the applicant’s performance within a demanding MBA Program? If so, please explain. (1,600 characters including spaces)
5. Please give us your appraisal of the applicant in terms of the qualities listed below.

Initiative  (Excellent, Good, Average, Poor, No information)
Communication Skills  (Excellent, Good, Average, Poor, No information)
Team Work  (Excellent, Good, Average, Poor, No information)
Leadership  (Excellent, Good, Average, Poor, No information)
Career Focus  (Excellent, Good, Average, Poor, No information)
Quantitative Ability  (Excellent, Good, Average, Poor, No information)
Motivation  (Excellent, Good, Average, Poor, No information)
International Focus  (Excellent, Good, Average, Poor, No information)

6. Please comment on the ratings that you have assigned above and make any additional statements about the applicant’s record, potential, or personal qualities which you believe would be helpful to the Admissions Committee in considering this person’s application for the MBA Program. (400 characters including spaces)


-Updated by Vince on 20 Oct 2011

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